瑞萨的can的资料CAN的入门书。做的很好的资料
瑞萨的can的资料CAN的入门书，很好的学习资料，RENESAS应用手册是什么?是的缩写(以下称为),是国际标准化的串行通信协议。在当前的汽车产业中,出于对安全性、舒适性、方便性、低公害、低成本的要求,各种各样的电子控制系统被开发了出来。巾于这些系统之间通信所用的数据类型及对可靠性的要求不尽相同,巾多条总线构成的情况很多,线束的数量也随之增加。为适应“诚少线束的数量”、“通过多个,进行大量数据的高速通信”的需要牛德国电气商博世公司开发出面向汽车的通信协议。此后,通过及行了标准化,现在在欢洲已是汽车网络的标准协议。现在,的高性能和可靠性已被认同,并被广泛地应用于工业自动化、船舶、医疗设备、工业设备等方面。图是车载网终的构想示意图。等通信协议的开发,使多种通过网关进行数据交换得以实现。马达马达。。马达开关开关。安全画乘客检测空调子网车门雷达且且且子网白线检测伙表级遥控车身部自逗应引爆管巡航前大灯窗电动组合灯网关囊控制发动机胎压部信息部MCcD音视频父通信电子防发动机转向制动子网碟盒息导航盗系统动变底盘部故障诊断部(规格)诊断工具图车载网络构想注】国际标准化组织为戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司注册商标。RENESAS应用手册的应用示例图为的应用示例图的应用示例ENESAS应用手册总线拓扑图控制器根据两根线上的电位差来判断总线电平。总线电平分为显性电平和隐性电平,者必居其一。发送方通过使总线电平发生变化,将消息发送给接收方。图是的连接小意图收发器收发器连接图R∈NEs∧s应用手册的特点协议只有以下特点多主控制在总线空闲吋,所有的单元都可开始发送消息(多主控制)最先访问总线的单元可获得发送权(方式)。多个单元同时开始发送时,发送高优先级消息的单元可获得发送权。消息的发送在协议中,所有的消息都以固定的柊式发送。总线空闲时,所有与总线相连的单元都可以开始发送新消息。两个以上的单元同时开始发送消息时,根据标识符(以下称为)决定优先级。并不是表示发送的目的地址,而是表示访问总线的消息的优先级。两个以上的单元同时开始发送消息时,对各消息的每个位进行逐个仲裁比较。仲裁获胜(被判定为优先级最扃)的单元可继续发送消息,仲裁失利的单元则立刻停止发送而进行接收工作。系统的柔软性与总线相连的单元没有类似于“地址”的信息。因此在总线上增加单元时,连接在总线上的其它单元的软硬件及应用层都不需要改变通信速度根据整个网络的规模,可设定适合的通信速度。在同一网络中,所冇单元必须改定成统一的通信速度。即使有一个单元的通信速度与其它的不一样,此单元也会输岀错误信号,妨碍整个网络的通信。不同网终间则可以有不同的通信速度。远程数据请求可通过发送“遥控帧”请求其他单元发送数据。错误检测功能·错误通知功能·错误恢复功能所有的单元都可以检测错误(错误检测功能)。检测出错误的单元会立即同时通知其他所有单元(错误通知功能)正在发送消息的单元一旦检测出错误,会强制结東当前的发送。强制结束发送的单元会不断反复地重新发送此消息直到成功发送为止(错误恢复功能)。故障封闭可以判断出错误的类型是总线上暂时的数据错误(如外部噪声等)还是持续的效据错误(如单元内部改障、驱动器故障、断线等)。由此功能,当总线上发生持续数据错误时,可将引起此故障的单元从总线上隔离出去。连接总线是可同时连接多个单元的总线。可连接的单元总数理论上是没有限制的。但实际上可连接的单元数受总线上的吋间延迟及电气负载的限制。降低通信速度,可连接的单元数增加;提扃通信速度,则可连接的单元数减少。【注】R∈NEs∧s应用手册错误错误状态的种类单元始终处于种状态之一。主动错误状态动错误状态是可以正常参加总线通信的状态处于主动错误状态的单元检测出错误时,输出主动错误标志被动错误状态被动错误状态是易引起错误的状态。处于被动错误状态的单元虽能参加总线通信,但为不妨碍其它单元邇信,接收时不能秋极地发送错误通知。处于被动错误状态的单元即使检测出错误,而貫它处于主动错误状态的单元如果没发现错误,整个总线也被认为是没有错误的处于被动错误状态的单元检测出错误时,输出被动错误标志。另外,处于被动错误状态的单元在发送结束后不能马上再次开始发送。在开始下次发送前,在间隔帧期间内凶须插入“延迟传送个位的隐性位总线关闭态总线关闭态是不能参加总线上通信的状态信息的接收和发送均被禁止。这些状态依靠发送错误计数和接收错误计数来管理,根据计数值决定进入何种状态。错误状态和计数值的关系如表及图所小。表错误状态和计数值单元错误状态发送错误计数值()接收错误计数值()主动错误状态被动错误状态且或总线关闭态ENESAS应用手册初始状态主动错误状态或在总线上检测到次连续的个位的隐性位被动错误状态总线关闭态发送错误计数值接收错误计数值图单元的错误状态R∈NEs∧s应用手册错误计数值发送错误计数值和接收错误计数值根据一定的条件发生变化。错误计数值的变动条件如表所示。一次数据的接收和发送可能同时满足多个条件错误计数器在错误标志的第一个位出现的时间点上开始计数。表错误计数值的变动条件接受和发送错误计数值的变动条件发送错误计数值接收错误计数值接收单元检测出错误时例外:接收单元在发送错误标志或过载标志中检测出“位错误”时,接收错误计数值不增加接收单元在发送完错误标志后检测到的第一个位为显性电平时。发送单元在输出错误标志时发送单元在发送主动错误标志或过载标志时,检测出位错误接收单元在发送主动错误标志或过载标志时,检测出位错误各单元从主动错误标志、过载标志的最开始检测出连续发送时接收时个位的显性位时之后,每检测出连续的个位的显性位时。检测岀在被动错误标志后追加的连续个位的显性位时。发送时接收时发送单元正常发送数据结束时(返回且到帧结束也未检测出错误时)。时±接收单元正常接收数据结束时(到未检测出错误且正时常返回时)时设处于总线关闭态的单元,检测到连续个位的隐性位。R∈NEs∧s应用手册协议的基本概念协议如表所示涵盖了规定的基本参照模型中的传输层、数据链路层及物理层协议中关于基本参照模型中的传输层、数据链路层及物理层,具体有哪些定义如图所示。表基本参照模型基本参照模型各层定义的主要项目层:应用层由实际应用程序提供可利用的服务。层:表示层进行数据表现形式的转换。如:文字设定、数据压缩、加密等的控制指层:会话层为建立会话式的通信,控制数据正确地接收和发送。探层:传输层控制数据传输的顺序、传送错误的恢复等,保证通信的品质。如:错误修正、再传输控制。层:网络层进行数据传送的路由选择或中继如:单元间的数据交换、地址管理。层:数据链路层将物理层收到的信号(位序列)组成有意义的数据,提供传输错误控制等数据传输控制流程。如:访问的方法、数据的形式通信方式、连接控制方式、同步方式、检错方式一共应答方式、通信方式、包(帧)的构成。位的调制方式(包括位时序条件)。层:物理层规定了通信时使用的电缆、连接器等的媒体、电气信号规格等,以实现设备间的信号传送。如:信号电平、收发器、电缆、连接器等的形态【注】(开放式系统间互联)
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ansoft Maxwell 3d教程.pdf
ansoft Maxwell 3d 向导式的用户界面、精度驱动的自适应剖分技术和强大的后处理器时的Maxwell 3D成为业界最佳的高性能三维电磁设计软件。可以分析涡流、位移电流、集肤效应和邻近效应具有不可忽视作用的系统，得到电机、母线、变压器、线圈等电磁部件的整体特性。功率损耗、线圈损耗、某一频率下的阻抗（R和L）、力、转矩、电感、储能等参数可以自动计算。同时也可以给出整个相位的磁力线、B和H分布图、能量密度、温度分布等图形结果。本文件是软件使用教程.希望能帮助大家·Printing HistorNew editions of this manual include material up dated since theprevious edition. The manual printing date, indicating the manualscurrent edition, changes w hen a ncw edition is printed. Minorcorrections and updates incorporated al reprint do not cause the daleto changeUpdate packages may be issued betw een editions and containadditional and/ or rep lacement pages to be merged into the manualby the user Pages which are rearranged because of changes on aprevious page are not considered to be revised.EditionDateSoftwareRevisionFebruary 1991April 199212December 1993October 19964.1September 19995.06December 20006.0WWW⊥nmTypeface ConventionsComputerCter type is used fon promptsand messages, for field names, and for keyboard entries that must be ty ped in theirentirety exactly as shown. For example, thenstruction"copy filel"means to type the w ordcopy, to type a space. and then to type filelMenu/Command Computer type is also used to display the commands that are needed to perform a specifictask Menu levels are separated by forwardslashes (/) For example, the instructionhoose File/Open"means to choose the Opencommand under the file menuItalicsItalic type is used for emphasis and for thetitles of manuals and other publications. Italictype is also used for key board entries when aname or a variable must be typed in place ofthe words in italics. For example, the instruc-rion“ copy filename” means to type the wordcopy, to type a space, and then to type then amc of a filc. such as filelKeysHelvetica type is used for labeled keys on thecomputer keyboard. For example, the instruc-tion"Press Return?"means to press the key onthe com puter that is lahcled Returnwww.docin.coInstallationBefore you use Maxwell 3D, you must1. Set up your systems graphical windowing systerm2. Install the Maxwell softw are, using the directions in theAnsell PC or UNIX Installation guideIf you have not yet done these steps, refer to the ansoft installetionguides and the documentation that came w ith your computer systemor ask your system administrator for helpsing a Graphical User InterfaceIf you are familiar with the concepts of using a mouse, menus, andother graphical user interface(GUn)tools, skip to Chapter 1“ IntroductionIf you have not used GuI systems before, this section will help youunderstand some of the terminology used in this guide. Since GUIare basically visual, the best way to learn to use them is by practicingon your systemMost gui systcms usc a mouseas a poinTing device, with whichyou can select areas on the screenfor command execution andmoving from one program toanother. Your mouse may have 2www.door 3 buttons; Maxwell 3D ignoresthe middle button on 3-buttondelsAnsoft products donot usc this button. You canprogram mouse buttons to work in non-standard ways, as you mightwant to if you are left-handed. For simplicity, the left-hand hutton(under your forefinger if you are right-handed) is called the leftbutton, and the one on far right is the right mouse button. You willprobably find the terms intuitive once you use these buttons a fewtimesPoint and click; Right clickTo choose an item with the mouse, first move it on your desk until thearrow cursor is on that item; you are now pointing" at the item. Next,ress and release the left bu tton thlled"clicking " Point-andclick is the most common action you will make with your mouseally, click" refers to a lefise button clickYou can sometimes use your right mouse button to access or entercommands. In the 3d Modeler for instance, a right mouse buttonclick causes a short menu of commands to appear at the moustcursor. Generally, right click "refers to a right mouse button clickDouble-ClickOccasionally you may want to sclect all of thc text in a box,orperform a special lask(such as indicating the end of drawing a linewhile you are using Maxwell 3D. You can do this efficiently byquickly clicking twice with your left mouse button -a doubleDragging objects; Click and HoldWhen you are drawing in the 3D Modeler, you can often use yourmouse to enter objects and move around the screen. Frequently, youwill click the mouse button and hold it down until the next part of thecommand is reached (the object is oved, the next point is enteredand so forth). If you click and hold on the edge of a w indow, you canposition, or drag, the window on your screen. You can often dragobjects in Maxwell; experiment to see w hat will moveTool BarsTool bars are shortcut methods for entering commands. There is atool bar in the 3d Modeler and most of the setup modules for severalcommand s. To use a tool bar. click the mouse cursor on the buttonyou want to use. Here is an example of a tool bar囗。圖哦良风≌固函MenusWithin each screen of maxwell 3d are areas w hich list subsets ormenus,of commands. You can access a menu by clicking your mouseon the word or button that indicates the menu. The menu is pulleddown, listing the commands available on that menu. (For examplethc New command is availablc on the File mcnu. Usually, thc mcnuwill remain displayed until you choose a command, or click on thedesktop to exit. If the menu does not remain displayed, click and holdthe mouse button, then release the button to make your choiceFile Edit viewNewopenCloseSavectrl+SSave AsImportExportExitctrl+QAn arrow on the right side of a command indicates that there is asubmenu for that command. An ellipsis (. )indicates that a pop-upwindow appears aftcr choosing this commandWhen you are asked to use a menu command, each level is separatedby a"/". Thus, to zoom in on a drawing, you would choose the viewLoom In menu command To open a new file, you would choose File/There are also pop-up menus, which appear when you righL-click ona maxwell modeler window. choose commands from thcsc menus inthe same way as from menu barsFor more information on using GUIs, refer to"User Interface"in theMaxwell Control Panel,s online help systemOther ReferencesFor detailed information on Maxwell 3d commands refer to theonline documentation for the maxwell 3d field simulatorTo start maxwell 3d, you must first access the maxwell controlPanel. for more detailed inform ation on the maxwell control panelcommands, refer to the Maxwell Control Panels online help systemwww.docin.comTable of Contents1. Introduction1-1General Procedure.1-2The Sample Problem1-4Meshes.....,,,,,,,,面2. Create aAccess the maxwell Control Panel·:.·:·甲,,,,,,,,,,2-2Start the Project managerCreate a Project directoryCreate a New project··,···············,·,,,,,,,,,,2-6Enter notes2-73. Draw the model3-1Open the project3-2Start. the 3D Modeler3-3Side window........................snaps3-6Define the problem region: Coordinates and Units ..,...... 3-7Absolute and relative coordinates3-7Grids3-7Zooming in and out of the view window3-9Create the electromagnet3-10Draw the Coil...,,.,..,3-10Draw thc Circlc........,..,...,,,......,..........3-10Create the Cylinder,,3-11Create the hole for the Core3-12Draw the Core·中··············3-13SavingP3-14Create the magnel翻...3-15Draw the magnet3-15Move the magnet3-15Toggle Off the Background..................3-16Create a termini..........,,,,,..,,,,......,,,..3-17Create the Coil terminal..........,,......,,,.,..3-18Define the Problem Region;..,;;“;##.3-20Define the Problem Region .................. 3-21Shading and rendering . ......................................3-22Exit the 3d modeler3-234 Define The problemAccess the Material Manager4-2Exclude the background·····+···,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.4-2Assign Steel to the CoreAssign Copper to the Coil4-3Assign vacuum to the problem Region.......4.......4-3Assign NdFe35 to the Magnet4-3Access the 3D Boundary/Source Manager45assign a current to the coil.....4-6Define the sourceAssigning the Source lo the Termina.........,..,,,,∴4-64-7Check the Direction of the CurrentExit the 3D Boundary/Source Manager4-85. Generate a Solution5-1Setup executive Parameters······5-2Create a Force Setup for the Magnet.5-3Create a Force Setup for the Coil and Core5-3Create a Force Setup for the entire model·········Exiting the Executive Parameters moduleSpecifying Solution Criteria·非5-5Solver type11翻自。■非非首·····:.··.·Magnetic Field SolveResidualSolve for Field and Parameters+++++++++++++++++++++;,+“++Adaptive analysisContents-2
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