汽车DTC定义
本文档主要定义了汽车故障码，以及汽车故障码的定义。可以帮助大家很快的了解汽车诊断故障码soDs15031-63ContentsForewardIntroduction,…,…,Scope..…n-n-n-……n1Normative references…,2345Terms and definitionsGeneral specifications.…,,,…,,,Format structure5.1 Description256675.2 ISO/SAE controlled codes(core DTCs5.3 Manufacturer controlled codes(non-uniform DTCs)....5.4 Body system groupings85.4.1 B0XXX ISO/SAE controlled542B1 XXX manufacturer contro∥ep∴885. 4.3 B2XXX manufacturer controlled8544B3 XXX reserved by document.…..,,,…,…,…………………85.5Chassis system groupings.85.5.1 COXXX ISO/SAE controlled85.52c1XXXmanufacturercontroled..85.5.3 C2XXX manufacturer controlled8Powertrain system groupings -DTC numbers and descriptions are given in AnnexB. BM,....5.5. 4 C3XXX reserved by document85.65.6.1 POXXX ISO/SAE controlled85.6.2 P1XXX manufacturer control85.63P2XXX|SOSAEcontoed…85.6.4 P3XXX manufacturer controlled and iso/sae reserved5.7Network groupings- dtc numbers and descriptions are given in Annex c5.7.1 UOXXX ISO/SAE controlled5.7.2 U1XXX manufacturer controlled5.7.3 U2XXX manufacturer controlled5.7.4 3XXX reserved88888896Diagnostic trouble code descriptions.……Change requests,.,,,,,,,,,…,…,10Annex a (normative)Diagnostic trouble code naming guidelines11A1 DiscussionAnnex B(normative) Powertrain system diagnostic trouble code...14B. 1 PooXX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls.14B2P01 XX Fuel and air metering-….…17B.3P02XX Fuel and air metering20B.4P03 XX Ignition system or misfire……………,……,.,…………………………………23B5P04 XX Auxiliary emission controls.……,…,………,……,,……………,………………27B6P05 XX Vehicle speed, idle control, and auxiliary inputs,,,,,,…,…,…,…,…30o Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.3B7 P06XX Computer and auxiliary outputs3B.8P07XX Transmission画画画画国面面国面面画画面B国画面画国36B 9P08 XX Transmission…………39B.10P09XXTransmissSion.42B11 P0AXX Hybrid Propulsion..l量amB12 POBXX Reservedn47B13 PoCXX Reserved by Document画B47B14 PODXX Reserved by Document………47B15 POEXX Reserved by documentB16P0 FXX Reserved by d。 cument…,,,,,…,,…47B 17 P10XX Manufacturer controlled fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls....... ....47B 18 P11XX Manufacturer controlled fuel and air metering....47B19P12 XX Manufacturer controlled fuel and air metering……….…....….…..….…….…….47B20P13 XX Manufacturer controlled ignition system or misfire…………47B21 P14XX Manufacturer controlled auxiliary emission controls.................47B22 P15XX Manufacturer controlled vehicle speed, idle control,B23 P16XX Manufacturer controlled computer and auxiliary outputs......47B24 P17XX Manufacturer controlled transmission47B.25P18XXManufacturercontro|ledtransmission∴…47B26 P19XX Manufacturer controlled transmission47B27 P20XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls48B28 P21XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls..m..8…………51B 29 P22XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls54B 30 P23XX Ignition system or58B31 P24XX Auxiliary Emission Controls59B32 P25XX Auxiliary Inputs61B33P26 XX Computer& Auxiliary outputs.……63B, 34 P27XX Transmission66B,35 P28XX ISO/SAE reserved69B 36 P29XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls69B 37 P30XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls69B38 P31XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls........69B39P32 XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls……………a69B40 P33XX ignition system or misfire69B41 P34XX Cylinder Deactivation...n69B, 42 P35XX ISO/SAE reservedB.43P36XS0SAEeserved.73B.44P37XXSOSAEreserVved173B, 45 P38XX ISO/SAE reserved∴73B, 46 P39XX ISO/SAE reserved73Annex C(normative)Network communication groupings74C,1 U00XX Network electricala74C2 U01XX Network Communication77C,3 U02XX Network Communication80C, 4 U03X Network Software81C 5 U04XX Network Data83o ISo 2002- All rights reservedsoDs15031-6.3ForewardISo(the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(Isomember bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISo technicalcommittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established hasthe right to be represented on that committee International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with Iso, also take part in the work. Iso collaborates closely with the International ElectrotechnicalCommission(EC)on all matters of electrotechnical standardizationInternational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the iSo/EC Directives, Part 3Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for votingPublication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 of the member bodies casting a voteAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of iso 15031 may be the subject of patentrights. ISo shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rightsInternational Standard ISo 15031-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISo/C 22, Road vehiclesSubcommittee SC3, Electric and electronic eguipmentThis second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (1.DIs) dated June 2000 of which has been technicallyrevisedISo 15031 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles-Communication between vehicleand external test equipment for emissions-related diagnosticsPart 1: Genera/ informationPart 2: Terms, definitions, abbreviations, and acronymsPart 3: Diagnostic connector and related electrical circuits: specification and usePart 4: EXternal test equipment- Part 5: Emissions-related diagnostic servicesPart 6: Diagnostic trouble code definitionso Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.3IntroductionIso 15031 consists of a number of parts which taken together provides a coherent self consistent set ofspecifications to facilitate emissions-related diagnostics. Parts 2 through 7 are based on SAE recommendedracticesThis part is based on SAE J2012: MAR99(Recommended Practice for Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions)ISo 15031-1 General information, provides an introduction to the standardMost automobile manufacturers are equipping at least a portion of their product line with some on-board diagnostic(OBD) capability. These systems provide an indication as to the general location of the diagnosed malfunction. Thisinformation is provided through an alphanumeric codeo ISo 2002- All rights reservedDRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDlso/D|s150316.3Road vehicles -Communication between vehicle and externaltest equipment for emissions-related diagnostics- Part 6Diagnostic trouble code definitions1 ScopeThis part of iso 15031 provides some recommended uniformity for alphanumeric trouble codes. It further providesguidance for uniform messages associated with these codesIt specifies several sections addressing format, structure, messages, and a few examples, and is applicable toelectricallelectronic systems diagnostics of motor vehiclesAnnex A specifies the diagnostic trouble code naming guidelines for signals from componentsAnnex B specifies the actual code assignments and description for Powertrain system diagnostic trouble codesAnnex C specifies the actual code assignments and description for network communicationAdditional annexes for body systems and chassis systems are under preparation2 Normative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions, which through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis part of iso 15031. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publicationsdo not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of iso 15031 are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of iso and IEC maintainregisters of currently valid International StandardsSo15031-2Road vehicles -Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissionsrelated diagnostics- Part 2: Terms, definitions, abbreviations, and acronymsSO15031-5Road vehicles- Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissionsrelated diagnostics- Part 5: Emissions-related diagnostic serviceso Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.33 Terms and definitionsFor the purpose of this part of Iso 15031, the following definitions apply. terms and definitions of iso 15031 -1 maybe used to hold definitions of terms used within more than one part of iso 15031. It is not intended to be used forterms and definitions of vehicle component terminology: these may appear in ISo 15031-23.1circuit/openfixed value or no response from the system where specific high or low detection is not feasible or can be used inconjunction with circuit low and high codes where all three circuit conditions can be detectedNOTEThe term"malfunction"has, in most cases, been deleted from the dtC description3.2range/performancecircuit is in the normal operating range, but not correct for current operating conditions, it may be used to indicatestuck or skewed values indicating poor performance of a circuit, component, or system3.3low inputcircuit voltage, frequency, or other characteristic measured at the control module input terminal or pin that is belowthe normal operating range3.4high inputcircuit voltage, frequency, or other characteristic measured at the control module input terminal or pin that is abovethe normal operating range3.5bankspecific group of cylinders sharing a common control sensor, bank 1 always contains cylinder number 1, bank 2 isthe opposite bankNOTE If there is only one bank, use bank #1 DTCs and the word bank may be omitted. With a single"bank"system usingmultiple sensors, use bank #13.6sensor locationlocation of a sensor in relation the engine air flow, starting from the fresh air intake through to the vehicle tailpipe orfuel flow from the fuel tank to the engine in order numbering 1, 2, 3 and so onNOTEsee figures 1-42o ISo 2002- All rights reservedso/Ds15031-63B1 S3B1 S1B1S2(wide range)(heated)CatalystCatalystTail PipeCyl.1 Cylinder Bank 1V6/8/V12 CylinderEngingCylinder Bank 2Exhaust Bank 2analystCatalystTail PipeB2 S12S2(Bank 2- Sensor 1) Bank 2-Sensor 2B2 S3(Bank 2-Sensor 3)Figure 1-V6/v8/12 Cylinder Engine with 2 exhaust banks and 4 Catalysts example1s1(Bank 1- Sensor 1)(Banκ1- Sensor2)CaiystExhaust bankB1 S3yC ylinder bank 1(heatedV6/V8/V12 CylinderCatalystTail PipeEngineC ylinder bank 2Exhaust Bank 2B2 S2(Bank 2- sensor 2)32S1heated(Bank2· sensor1)Figure 2-V6/8/V12 Cylinder Engine with 2 exhaust banks and 3 Catalysts exampleo Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.3B1 S3B1 S1B1 S2(Bank 1-Sensor 1)(Bank 1-Sensor 2)(Bank 1-Sensor 3(heated(wide range)(heated)兰∞Sx山CatalystCatalystTail PipeFigure 3-L4/L5/L6 Cylinder Engine with 1 exhaust bank and 2 Catalysts exampleB1 S1B1 S2(Bank 1- Sensor 1)(Bank 1-Sensor 2(wide range)(heated)=2CatalystTail Pipe834Figure 4-L4/L5/L6 Cylinder Engine with 1 exhaust bank and 1 Catalyst example3.7eft/right and front/rearcomponent identified by its position as if it can be viewed from the drivers seating position3.8ABwhere components are indicated by a letter (i.e., A,B, C, etc. this would be manufacturer defined, starting withcomponent A3.9intermittent/erraticthe signal is temporarily discontinuous, the duration of the fault is not sufficient to be considered an open or shortor the rate of change is excessiveo ISo 2002- All rights reserved
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TracePro应用实例详解-
TracePro应用实例详解-压缩版（内容不变）目录绪论光学设计基础知识1第一章导光管设计实例6第二章背光源设计实例12第三章LED设计实例-..1.18第四章手电筒设计实例由南南由南虚由由面鱼出面量自音s面自自鱼自自西由自由由由由由面由垂型由面由昏音面垂香量看证自音西垂45第五章积分球设计实例,54第六章LED设计实例二…第七章分光棱镜模拟实例……---77第八章LED汽车前照灯设计实例影中中中着,着看e,第九章简易荧光灯模型设计实例……100第十章投影仪设计实例…11111114第十一章红外光气体检测系统设计实例140第十二章荧光粉模拟实例150第十三章LED色温模拟实例…--1160第十四章消除杂散光模拟实例……167第十五章二级复合抛物面聚光器设计实例177第十六章矩形路灯聚光器的优化设计198第十七章一种LED植物生长灯的设计与制作…207第十八章简易筒灯的模拟与设计216绪论光学设计基础知识在开始本书前,我们需要了解一些基础的光学知识。一、光度学基本概念光通量:单位时间内光辐射能量的大小。它表示光源的发光能力。光通量单位:流明(lm),指lcd的均匀点光源在lsr内的光通量。发光强度(光强);光通量的角(空间的)密度,即在一定方向上的单位立体角内所发出的光通量。常用于说明光源和灯具发出的光通量在空间各方向或选定方向上的分布密度。发光强度的单位:坎德拉cd,lcd=1mSr,是国际单位制的基本单位。立体角:是任意一封闭的圆锥面内所包含的空间。单位是球面度(Sr),即以锥顶为球心,以r为半径作一圆球,如果锥面在圆球上截得的面积A为r的平方,则该立体角为一个单位立体角,而一个球体包含4π球面度。1979年10月第10届国际计量大会透过的坎德拉定义为:一个光源发出频率为540.0E1Hz的单色辐射(对应于空气中波长为550nm的单色辐射),若在一定方向上的辐射强度为1/683Wsr,则光源在该方向上的发光强度为1cd照度:单位面积(被照射面)上入射的光通量。照度单位;勒克斯(1x)注:1kx的照度是比较小的,在此照度下仅能大致辨认周围物体。晴朗的盈月夜晚,地面照度大约为0.2x;白天采光良好的室内照度为100-500x;晴天室外太阳散射光下,地面的照度约为10001x;中午太阳光照射下,地面的照度可达100001x光出射度:单位面积(发光面)上发射的光通量。其单位:辐射勒克斯(rlx)。亮度(台湾又称辉度):在一个广光源上取一个单元面积dA,从与表面法线成角的方向上去观察,在这个方向上的光强与所可见的光源面积之比,定义为光源在该方向的亮度。单位:尼特(坎德拉每平方米,cdm2)。注:太阳的亮度为1.6*10E9以上,碳极弧光灯(1.8-12)*10E8,钨丝灯(2.0-20)*10E6,蜡烛(0.5-1.0)*10OE4,蓝天0.8*10E4暗适应:由光亮处进入到黑暗处,开始一切都看不见,经过一段时间才能看见物体轮廊。所需时间较长,一般几分钟以上。明适应:有暗处进入到亮处时,开始也不能辨别物体,几秒到几十秒后才能看清物体。在有明暗变化的视场内,应考虑照明的过渡。后像:在高亮度的闪光之后,往往会感到有一连串的影像,以不规则的强度和不断降低的频率正负交替出现,即后像。强烈的后像对视力工作有很大害处。应避免。眩光:视场中有极高的亮度或强烈的亮度对比时,会造成视觉下降和眼睛的不舒适,这种现象称为眩光。前者为失能眩光,后者为不舒适眩光。不舒适眩光取决于视场内的尺寸亮度数量位置以及背景亮度等原素。注:一个明亮光源发出的光线,被一个有光泽或半光泽的表面射入观察者眼睛,可能产生轻度分散注意力甚至不舒适的感觉。当这种反射发生在作业面上时,称为“光幕反射”,如发生在作业面以外时,称为“反射眩光”。颜色:眼睛能够辨别背景上的被观察对象(细节),必须满足以下两个条件之对象与背景有不同的颜色(颜色对比),或者对象与背景在亮度上有一定的差别(亮度对比)。可见度(能见度,视度):表示被识别对象看清楚的程度。反射,折射,透射,吸收:1.据能量守衡定律,材料的反射系数+透射系数+吸收系数=1铝(普通)的反射系数为60-73%,吸收系数为2740%。铝(电解抛光)的反射系数为75-84%(光泽),62-70%(无光)。铬反射系数为65%,吸收系数为35%2.光的反射分类:定向反射( Specular reflection),散反射( Spread Reflection),漫反射( )effuse Reflection),混合反射( Compound Reflection)3.折射:水的临界折射角为48.5°,玻璃的临界折射角为30°到40°。玻璃的折射率为1.5左右。4.光的透射分类:定向透射,散透射( Spread Transmission),漫透射( DiffuseTransmission),混合透射( Mixed Transmission)5.光在玻璃表面垂直入射时,入射光在入射面被反射4%,在透过面被反射3-4%,被吸收2-8%,透过率为80-90%6.材料的表面的光反射和光透射具有光谱选择性。二、LED光学设计基础知识为了使LED芯片发出的光能够更好地输出,得到最大程度的利用,并且在照明区域内满足设计要求,需要对LED进行光学系统的设计。其中,在封装过程中的设计被称为一次光学设计;而在LED之外进行的光学设计被称为二次光学设计①一次光学设计LED芯片只是一块很小的固体,它的两个电极要在显微镜下才能看见,加入电流后它才会发光。在制作工艺上,除了要对LED芯片的两个电极进行焊接,从而引出正、负电极之外,同时还要对LED芯片和两个电极进行保护。因此,这就需要对LED芯片进行封装。在封装的过程中,为了能够最高效率地输出可见光的功能,需要进行光学设计,合适选择封装材料的形状、结构和材料,这种设计在业内被称为一次配光设计次配光设计主要是决定发光器件的出光度、光通量大小、光强大小、光强分布等。而影响封装出光效率的高低、效果的好坏,主要是由芯片、支架和模粒三要素来决定的。②二次光学设计在使用LED发光器件时,整个系统的出光效果、光强、色温的分布状况也必须进行设计,把器件发出的光线集中到期望的照明区域内,从而让整个LED照明系统能够满足设计的需要,这被称为二次光学设计。二次光学设计必须在LED发光器件次配光设计的基础上进行。一次配光设计是保证每个LED发光器件的出光质量,考虑将LED芯片中发出的光能尽量多地取出。而二次配光设计是考虑怎样把LED器件发出的光线集中到期望的照明区域上,从而让整个系统发出的光能满足设计需要。从某种意义上来说,只有封装设计即一次配光设计)合理,才能保证系统的二次配光设计顺利实现,从而提高照明和显示的效果。基于LED的二次配光设计,对最终的照明器件和产品的性能起着至关重要的作用。第一,部分光线未能达到有效的照明范围从而导致能量的损失,需要使用大数值孔径的光学系统对光线进行汇聚,进一步提高光能利用率;第二,封装之后,像面照度分布均匀性达不到改计要求,难以在每一点的照度值都大于要求的最低照度值,这都需要对LED进行二次配光设计。日前市场上常用的光学设计和分析程序主要有美国焦点软件公司开发的ZEMAX、 Optical Research Associates的 CODE V和 Light Tools、 Breault ResearchOrganization的ASAP以及 Lambda research的 TracePro等。ZEMAX是美国焦点软件公司所发展出的光学设计软件,可做光学组件设计与照明系统的照度分析,也可建立反射、折射、绕射等光学模型,并结合优化,公差等分析功能,是套可以运算 Sequential及Non- Sequential的软件。 ZEMAX不仅功能强大,而且具备直观性、软件灵活、优化快速、容易操作使用等优点,与其他软件不同的是 ZEMAX的CAD转档程序都是双向的,如IGES、STEP、SAT等格式都可转入及转出。当前有三种不同的版本: ZEMAX-SE(标准版); ZEMAX-XE(展版)ZEMAX-EE传专业版)。 ZEMAX在成像光学,特别是透镜设计方面应用十分广泛。CODE V是应用非常广泛的光学设计和分析软件,是世界上分析功能最全、优化功能最强的光学软件,为各国政府及军方研究部门、著名大学和各大光学公司广泛采用,并广泛适用于照相设备、摄影机和医疗器具等,功能强大使用简单灵活。其功能主要包括变焦结构优化和分析、环境热量分析、MIF和RMS波阵面基础公差分析、用户自定义优化、干涉和光学校正准直、非连续建模、矢量衍射计算及偏振、全球综合优化光学设计方法等。ASAP是 Breault Research Organization研制的一套不受限制的、非序列光线追迹软件。它具有对物理光学、成像系统和照明系统进行建模分析的强大功能,它的图形工具允许用户进行截图分析,或者对几何模型、光线追迹、分析结果进行三维演示。ASAP还可以分析散射、衍射、反射、折射、吸收、偏振、非序列光线追迹和高斯光束传播。Light Tools.是 Optical Research Associate制的一套全新的具有光学精度的交互式三维实体建模软件体系,它提供最现代化的手段直接描述光学系统中的光源、透镜、反射角、分束器、衍射光学元件、棱镜、机槭结构以及光路。由 Light Tools把光学和机械元件集合在统一的体系下处理,并配置“放置”光源、发射光线的非序列追迹强大功能,使它在系统初步设计、复杂系统设计规划、光机一体设计、杂光分析、照明系统设计分析、单位各部门间学术交流和数据交換、课题论证或产品推广等各环节中发挥重要的作用。TracePro是美国 Lambda Research公司开发的一款基于蒙特卡罗法( Mante Carlo)的非序列光线追迹(Non- Sequential Ray Tracing)软件,它是一套以符合工业标准的ACIS固体建模引擎为核心所发展出来的光学机构仿真软件,是一套结合了真实固体建模、强大光学分析功能、信息转换能力强及易上手的使用界面的仿真软件,它可将真实立体模型与光学分析紧密结合起来。目前,国际上在照明系统分析、传统光学分析、辐射度以及光度分析,在镜头杂散光分析、背光板、LED设计及应用、照明灯具、车灯、投影显示器等众多领域中已经大量采用该软件进行计算机辅助设计。本书主要采用该软件进行模拟设计(读者需对 TracePro软件的使用有一定了解,可以参考《 TracePro7.0中文使用手册》)。TracePro用于照明设计的一般流程如图1所示。建立模型□>建立模型建立光源优化属性结果不符合定义属性光线追迹结果分析图1模拟设计流程图三、几个知名品牌的LED模型下载地址下面是各个种类的LED模型下载地址,模型包括用在 Trace Pro里面的,也有Light Tools,,也有 ZEMAX的,下载下来直接在相应的软件上调用就可以了,十分方便。1.mh:http://www.philipslumileds.com/resources/design/listing.cfm?catoptical然后打开 Optical Design Resources点击LE链接2.lim(Cree):http:/www.cree.com/products/ledlamps.asp.然后打开 LED Components页面点击LED3.欧司朗http://www.osram-os.com/ray-filcs然后点击LED下载。第一章导光管设计实例在 TracePro中进行导光管设计,将使用到面平扫功能。主要步骤如下:打开 Trace Pro软件2.在下拉工具菜单 Insert选择实体模型 Insert/Primitive solids命令3.在基本实体模型设置对话框中,选择 Cylinder/Cone设置栏4.选中 Cylinder,在Bae下的 Major栏输入底面半径为2,在1op下的 Length输入30。如图1.1所示。■ nsert Pr盈itSolidsBlock Cylinder/Cone Torus I Sphere Thin Sheet IName: Obiect 1C Cylind. C Cone厂 EllipticalBTMajMajMinor aLength 30Base Posi tionBase rotationx:0Y:0Y:o2:in Degreesset,□li图1.15.点击 Insert插入,再点击缩放工具图标二如图1.2所示。ladel: [UntitledSurface 1tity 4Cyl/C图下一步将使用 Revolve对上面建立的导光管右端面进行旋转延伸操作:1.选中导光管右端面,即 Object 1下的 Surface22.执行下拉菜单 Edit/Surface/ Revolve命令。在 Revolve surface Selection对话框设置旋转角度为90度,半径为25mm。4.在位置坐标栏输入(0-2530);(100)。具体见图1.3所示。5.点击 Revolve surface插入旋转延伸。如图14所示。Revolve Surface Selection DXAngle 90planar suIfaces on副yDraft angle oin DegreesRadius250Positicn on axis of revolution Axis cf RevolutionPosition X 0Axis X 1Positon丫AxisY 0Position Z30Axis20Get Position fiom last mouse clickCalculate a Position using selected surfaceRevolve Surface图1.3Fuel: [Untitled1]回xobject I中 ur tace 0中 Surtace2Entity 4Model Source Radi anee图1最后将进行Swep面平扫,完成导光管的实体模型:1.选中端面 Surface3,执行下拉菜单 Edit/Surface/Sweep命令。2.在 Sweep Surface Selection对话框中,输入 Distance为l5mm,Draf为-2度。
- 2021-05-06下载
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