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元器件基础知识大全.pdf

于 2021-05-07 发布
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电子元器件基础知识(1)——电阻 导电体对电流的阻碍作用称为电阻,用符号 R 表示,单位为欧姆、千欧、兆欧,分别用Ω、KΩ、MΩ表示。一、电阻的型号命名方 法: 国产电阻器的型号由四部分组成(不适用敏感电阻) 第一部分:主称 ,用字母表示,表示产品的名字。如 R 表示电阻,W 表示电位器。 第二部分:材料 ,用字母表示,表示电阻体用什么材料组成,T-碳膜、H-合成碳膜、S-有机实心、N-无机实心、J-金属膜、Y-氮 化膜、C-沉积膜、I-玻璃釉膜、X-线绕。11 第三部分:分类,一般用数字表示,个别类型用字母表示,表示产品属于什么类型。1-普通、2-普通、3-超高频 、4-高阻、5-高温、 6-精密、7-精密、8-高压、9-特殊、G-高功率、T-可调。 第四部分:序号,用数字表示,表示同类产品中不同品种,以区分产品的外型尺寸和性能指标等 例如:R T 1 1 型普通碳膜电阻 二、电阻器的分类 1、线绕电阻器:通用线绕电阻器、精密线绕电阻器、大功率线绕电阻器、高频线绕电阻器。 2、薄膜电阻器:碳膜电阻器、合成碳膜电阻器、金属膜电阻器、金属氧化膜电阻器、化学沉积膜电阻器、玻璃釉膜电阻器、金属 氮化膜电阻器。 3、实心电阻器:无机合成实心碳质电阻器、有机合成实心碳质电阻器。 4、敏感电阻器:压敏电阻器、热敏电阻器、光敏电阻器、力敏电阻器、气敏电阻器、湿敏电阻器。 三、主要特性参数 1、标称阻值:电阻器上面所标示的阻值。 2、允许误差:标称阻值与实际阻值的差值跟标称阻值之比的百分数称阻值偏差,它表示电阻器的精度。允许误差与精度等级对应 关系如下:±0.5%-0.05、±1%-0.1(或 00)、±2%-0.2(或 0)、±5%-Ⅰ级、±10%-Ⅱ级、±20%-Ⅲ级 3、额定功率:在正常的大气压力 90-106.6KPa 及环境温度为-55℃~+70℃的条件下,电阻器长期工作所允许耗散的最大功率。 线绕电阻器额定功率系列为(W):1/20、1/8、1/4、1/2、1、2、4、8、10、16、25、40、50、75、100、150、250、500 非线绕电阻器额定功率系列为(W):1/20、1/8、1/4、1/2、1、2、5、10、25、50、100 4、额定电压:由阻值和额定功率换算出的电压。 5、最高工作电压:允许的最大连续工作电压。在低气压工作时,最高工作电压较低。 6、温度系数:温度每变化 1℃所引起的电阻值的相对变化。温度系数越小,电阻的稳定性越好。阻值随温度升高而增大的为正温 度系数,反之为负温度系数。 7、老化系数:电阻器在额定功率长期负荷下,阻值相对变化的百分数,它是表示电阻器寿命长短的参数。 8、电压系数:在规定的电压范围内,电压每变化 1 伏,电阻器的相对变化量。 9、噪声:产生于电阻器中的一种不规则的电压起伏,包括热噪声和电流噪声两部分,热噪声是由于导体内部不规则的电子自由运 动,使导体任意两点的电压不规则变化。

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