登录
首页 » Others » 麦克风阵列前端语音信号处理

麦克风阵列前端语音信号处理

于 2020-12-12 发布
0 644
下载积分: 1 下载次数: 11

代码说明:

个人学习笔记,稍稍整理下阵列波東形成技术模型最大信噪比最小方差无失真响应滤波器线性约束最小方差广义旁瓣相消基于阵列定位和跟踪技术互相关方法3.3.2广义互相关(基于特征向量的方法最小熵法白适应特征向量分解法自适应盲信号分离(,空域线性预测法语音信号预加重算法第五章模型高斯混合模型隐马尔可夫模型频率分析()深度神经网络第章信号处理语音信号特点在一段时间内),人的声带和声道形状是相对稳定的,可认为其特征是不变的。语音可以分为周期性的浊音和非周期的清音。浊音和清音绎常在一个音节中同时出现。浊音部分和音质关系密切,在时域上呈现岀明显的周期性,在频域上有共振峰结构,而且大部分能量集中在较低频段内,是语音中人幅度高能量的部分;清音则具有明显的时域和频域特征,类似于白噪声,能量较小,在强噪声中容易被掩盖,但在较髙信噪比时能提供较多的信息。在语音增强中,可以利用浊音的周期性特征,采用梳状滤波器提取语音分量或者抑制非语音信号,而清音则难以与宽带噪声区分,加性噪声大致上有:周期性噪声、脉冲噪声、宽带噪声和同声道的其亡语音干扰等。周期性噪声主要来源于发动机等周期性运转的机械,电气干扰,特别是电源交流声也会引起周期性噪声,其特点是有许多离散的窄谱峰。脉冲噪声来源于爆炸、撞击和放电等,表现为时域波形中突然出现的窄脉冲。宽带噪声的来源很多,包括热噪声、气流(风、呼吸)噪声及各种随杋噪声源,量化噪声也可视为宽带噪声。平稳的宽带噪声,通常也可以λ为宽带噪声。平稳的宽带噪声,通常也可以视为高斯白噪声。语音增强算法大致分为四种:参数法、非参数法、统讣法和其它方法。信号响应的意义对于任何一个信号均可以使用冲击函数来表示,即:∑()6(数字信号处理的意义就是通过运算来达到处理的目的,设这种运算关系为:]则输出信号()和输入信号()之间的关系指述为=[()。卷积推导设系统输入()=6()系统的输出()的初始状态为零,这时系统输出用()表示为则称()为系统的单位脉冲响应。则对任意输入信号(),系统输出为:()6(根据叠加原理可得:()∑()(-)∑()[6(-)利用系统时不变性,可得下式6(-)=(-),因此可得:()∑()o(-)=()*()上述就是卷积公式的推导。时域离散系统的输入输出描述法描述一个系统可以不管系统内部的结构如何,将系统看成一个黑盒子,只描述系统的输岀和输入之间的关系,这种描述法被成为输入输岀描述法。在模拟系统中使微分方程描述系统的输入和输出之间的关系,在时域离散系统中使用差分方程描述系统的输入和输岀关系点评:微分方程重在描述变化的趋势,差分方程的过程可以套用卷积的方法。时域离散信号傅里叶变换(TFT, Discrete- Time Fourier Transform)定义上述ω的单位是弧度,范围是x。其傅里叶反变换由如下公式得到:()周期信号由傅里叶级数表示傅里叶变换的一些性质时域卷积,频域相乘;时域相乘,频域卷积∑|()巴塞伐尔定理信号的功率也可以在频域求离散傅里叶变换(将有限长时域离散信号变换到频域的变换,但变换的结果是对时域离散信号的频谱的等问隔采样定义设序列()的长度为,定义()的点为()=[()=∑(式中,成为离散傅里叶变换区间长度,要求中即可得为书写简单,令则可以简写为:()=[()=∑()≤≤其反变换如下()=[()=-∑()和之间的关系:的主要性质)线性性质)隐含周期性)循环移位性质)有限长序列的循环移位设序列()的长度为,对()以≥为周期进行周期延拓,得到:()=()定义()的循环移位序列为()=^(+)()=(+)()上式表示将序列()以为周期进行周期延拓,再左移个单位取主值序列,就得到()的循环移位序列()。则有如下结论:设序列()的长度为,其循环移位序列为()=()())=[()()=[()短时傅里叶变换(,针对平稳信号的变换,语音信号在长时间跨度上不平稳,但其每个时间段内可看成是平稳的。定义°,()是输入信号,()是分析窗口(-)是纤过时域翻转并右移个采样点。类似于,离散定义如下)2()=∑()(其含义是在时域用窗函数截取信号,对截取部分的信号进行傅里叶变换,即在时刻得到时刻该段信号的傅里叶变换,不断移动,即可得到不同的傅甲叶变换,将这些傅里叶变换组合起来即得(o)计算在计算()和滤波器()卷积效率较高。的基木思想是将()分段,将分段后的每段与()卷积()=是任意的分段长度()=∑(-)()=∑(-)()=∑)*()=∑数字滤波器的最大优点是可以实现线性相位滤波。线性相位设的单位脉冲响应()的长度为,则其频响函数为()=∑()将(“)表示成如下形式e(a)式中,(a)是O的实函数,如果满足0(o)a则相位满足线性关系线性相位对时域和频域的约束)=∑O0展开可得:∑()(0-(o)=(a)((o)-(o)系数偶对称。窗函数设计其设计思想是使用逼近希望的滤波特性。基本方法)构造希望逼近的频响函数(“)

下载说明:请别用迅雷下载,失败请重下,重下不扣分!

发表评论

0 个回复

  • VxWorks内核、设备驱动与BSP开发详解.pdf
    【实例简介】某宝买的很清楚,经典的Vxworks开发书籍。
    2021-11-24 00:37:35下载
    积分:1
  • 抠图matting源码及论文.zip
    【实例简介】本科毕业设计做的,压缩文件包括源码、matlab GUI界面、原图三分图背景图及写的毕业论文;利用基于学习的抠图方法得出图片的alpha图之后,可以将原图与背景图融合得到以假乱真的效果。
    2021-11-27 00:32:13下载
    积分:1
  • 蜻蜓算法;二进制蜻蜓算法;多目标蜻蜓算法.zip
    【实例简介】蜻蜓算法;二进制蜻蜓算法;多目标蜻蜓算法。 DA算法的主要灵感源于自然界中蜻蜓的静态和动态蜂群行为。通过对蜻蜓在导航,寻找食物和动态或统计蜂群中避开敌人的社交互动进行建模,从而设计出优化,探索和开发的两个基本阶段。
    2021-11-25 00:40:58下载
    积分:1
  • 爬取豆瓣网腾讯招聘并进行可视化分析
    python自定义爬虫,爬取豆瓣网以及腾讯招聘网信息并进行数据可视化分析,可自定义爬取网站
    2020-12-10下载
    积分:1
  • halcon实现创建模板中心可以任意设置.hdev
    halcon实现创建模板中心可以任意设置.hdev
    2020-11-05下载
    积分:1
  • 天线阵的波束形成在MATLAB仿真序及结果
    天线阵的波束形成在MATLAB仿真程序及结果
    2021-05-06下载
    积分:1
  • 基于Matlab的线性系统分析与设计软件
    【实例简介】线性系统通过微分方程来描述其运动特性。在系统中增加PID校正装置后,就能改变系统微分方程的系数,系统零、极点随之相应地变化,就能达到改善系统性能的目的。自动控制领域里有大量繁琐的计算与仿真曲线的绘制任务,用手工很难精确的画出系统的时间响应曲线。并且,对于较为复杂的系统, 因此,需要设计一套控制系统的教学软件,让学生可以直观、深刻地掌握控制系统的基础知识,准确、便捷地从仿真结果中进行推理,有效地补充和完善传统教学。本文主要研究PID算法原理以及其通过matlab软件完成其GUI操作界面,对算法原理进行仿真验证及比较。
    2021-10-29 00:30:56下载
    积分:1
  • RTCM3.3协议全
    全新RTCM3.3协议完整版RTCM STANDARD 10403.3DIFFERENTIAL GNSS(GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS)SERVICES – VERSION 3DEVELOPED BYRTCM SPECIAL COMMITTEE NO. 104OCTOBER 7, 2016COPYRIGHT©2016 RTCMRadio Technical Commission for Maritime Services1611 N. Kent St., Suite 605Arlington, Virginia 22209-214RTCM Paper 141-2016-SC104-STD000ocRTCMco00c30RTCM 10403. 3, Differential GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems)Services- Version 3, October 7, 2016This standard (referred to as version 3 has been developed by rtCm special Committee 104 as a moreefficient alternative to the standards entitled rtcm recommended standards for diffe rentialRecommended Standards for Differential gNss Global Navigation Satellite Systems Service, Version 2.x(Current version is 2. 3, now designated as RTCM 10402. 3. Service providers and vendors represented onthe SC104 Committee wanted a new standard that would be more efficient, easy to use, and more easilyadaptable to new situations. The main complaint was that the version 2. x parity scheme, which useswords with 24 bits of data followed by 6 bits of parity, was wasteful of bandwidth. Another complaint wasthat the parity was not independent from word to word. Still another was that even with so many bitsdevoted to parity the actual integrity of the message was not as high as it should be. Plus, 30-bit wordsare awkward to handle. the new standard version 3 is intended to correct these weaknessesUnlike Version 2. x, this standard does not include tentative messages The messages in Version 3 haveundergone testing for validity and interoperability and are considered to be permanent. amendments tothe standard may change the meaning of reserved bits or provide additional clarifying text, but no changeswill be made in the data fields. Changes will require new messages to be developed. In addition to themessages described in the current standard the committee continues to develop new messages whichare described in separately published amendments and periodically gathered into a new edition of thestandard. RTCM 10403x for dgNSS services is proving useful in supporting highly accurate differentialand kinematic positioning as well as a wide range of navigation applications worldwideNote that Version 3 messages are not compatible with Version 2. x. Since many receivers have beendesigned and programmed for use with Version 2. x messages, rtCm is maintaining both standards0402 3 and 10403, 3 as" standardsVersion 3.0The initial edition consisted primarily of messages designed to support real-time kinematic (RTK)operations. The reason for this emphasis is that rtk operation involves broadcasting a lot of informationand thus benefits the most from an efficient data format. Version 3.0 provided messages that supportGPS and gloNaSs rTK operations including code and carrier phase observables antenna parametersand ancillary system parametersVersion 3. 1(RTCM Standard 10403.1:The next edition, Version 3. 1 (RTCM Standard 10403. 1), incorporated GPS Network Corrections, whichenable a mobile receiver to obtain accurate rtk information valid over a large area. In addition, new GPSand GLoNaSS messages provide orbital parameters to assist in rapid acquisition a Unicode text messageis also provided for the transmission of textual data. Finally a set of messages are reserved for vendorswho want to encapsulate proprietary data in their broadcasts the gps Network Corrections enable amobile receiver to obtain accurate rtk information valid over a large area. the network rtk correctioninformation provided to a rover can be considered as interpolated corrections between the referencestations in the rtk network this interpolation is not perfect and varies with the actual conditions of theatmosphere. A residual interpolation error has to be expected. With sufficient redundancy in the RtKnetwork, the network server process can provide an estimate for residual interpolation errors. Suchquality estimates may be used by the rover to optimize the performance of rtk solutions The values maybe considered by the rover as a priori estimates only with sufficient tracking data available the rovermight be able to judge residual geometric and ionospheric errors itselfVersion 3. 1. Amendment 1:Amendments 1 was an extensive addition that adds rtcm messages containing transformation data andinformation about Coordinate reference Systems. For rtCm data supporting a rtk service, coordinatesare measured within the itrf or a regional realization surve yors and other users of rtk services mustnormally present their results in the coordinates of local datums. Therefore, coordinate transformationsare necessary. by having RTCM messages that contain transformation data and information about theCoordinate reference systems the users of the rtk service can obtain their results in the desired datumwithout any manual operations. the rtk service providers can then ensure that current information forthe computation of the transformations is always used. the convenience of this method will promote theacceptance of rtK servicesVersion 3. 1. amendment 2:Amendment 2 added residual error messages to support the use of Non-Physical or Computed referenceStations in a network rtk environmentVersion 3. 1. amendment 3:Amendment 3 addressed differences in the way gnss receiver manufacturers have implemented carrierphase encoding of some Version 3 messages so that carrier phase observations are in phase for all carrierphases of a specific frequency i e. they correct for quarter cycle phase shifts. others retain the quartercycle offset between the carrier phase observations in the data. this amendment documents the waydifferent manufacturers have handled the phase shift issue and prescribes a uniform approach for futureproducts.∨ersiⅰon3.1, Amendment4:Amendment 4 added sections 3.5.13 on glONASS Network rtK Correction Messages and 3.5. 14 on FKPNetwork Rtk Correction Messages Related revisions were also made elsewhere in the document.Version 3. 1. amendment 5Amendment 5 added section 3. 5. 12 on State Space Representation related revisions are also madeelsewhere in the document, along with some editorial correctionsVersion 3. 2(RTCM Standard 10403.2)Version 3.2 consolidates Version 3. 1 and all five amendments into a new edition, and it adds MultipleSignal Messages (MSM)as well. the Multiple Signal Message (MSm)format generates receiverobservables in the same way for all included satellite systems. the messages include compact and fullmessages for Pseudorange, PhaseRange, Carrier to Noise Ratio (standard and high resolution), andPhaseRangeratea table near the beginning of the standard lists which messages were included in each separate editionand amendment, so it should not be necessary for users to refer to older versions. Multiple signalMessages are a generic format that will be followed for all GNSs systems. version 3 originally consisted ofmessages for GPS and GLONASS, each in their own format Now with the imminent addition of signals forBeiDou, Galileo, and QZSS, as well as new signals provided by modernized GPS and GloNASS satellitesthe need for a consistent generic format became evident. service providers and users are urged to migrateto the MsM messages to make it easier to accommodate new gNss services(See The RTCM Multiple Signal Messages: A New Step in GNSS Data Standardization")Another newmessage is the gloNaSS Bias Information message. This message provides information which is intendedto compensate for the first-order inter-frequency phase range biases introduced by the reference receivercode- phase biasVersion 3.2, Amendment 1:Added Galileo F/NAv Satellite Ephemeris Data(msg. 1045 )and Bds MSM(msgs. 1121-1127)Version 3.2 amendment 2Added qzss ephemeris(msg. 1044 )and QZss MSm (msgs. 1111-1117Version 3. 3(RTCM Standard 10403.3)This new edition adds Satellite-Based Augmentation System Multiple Signal Messages to previouslydopted messages for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and QzssA new ephemeris message has been added for BeiDou(BDS)and a new I/NAV ephemeris message hasbeen added for Galileo. The new edition also reserves 100 messages be used exclusively by sc104 fornew message developmentFinally, the new edition makes consolidates previous amendments and makes numerous editorialImprovementsNavstar GPS Service, Version 2. x. Service providers and vendors represented on the scco000c30z1O2co00c30Contentsco00c30
    2020-06-27下载
    积分:1
  • 树莓派3B+原理图
    树莓派3B+官方原理图
    2020-12-02下载
    积分:1
  • ArcGIS超级工具1.7.zip
    里面有就是多种数据处理工具,非常便利。具体如下:文本文件操作征地部标准坐标导出征地部标准坐标导入线封闭点集转面数据转换   SHP转数据库   批量数据库转数据库   栅格彩色转黑白数据检查和数据信息获得   锐角检查   获得内角并判断是否凸多边形   获得线(面)两个折点方向   四至和范围获得获得数据的XY范围获得数据的经纬度范围四邻信息获得地块四至点获得地块四至点坐标获得获得相对四至(适合大比例小地块)获得绝对四至(根据四至点坐标)   属性赋值比例分析加权平均   椭球面积计算   计算点到线的距离   道路河流依次经过的地方裁
    2021-05-06下载
    积分:1
  • 696518资源总数
  • 104269会员总数
  • 42今日下载