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多相滤波数字信道化MATLAB源码

于 2020-12-06 发布
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多相滤波数字信道化MATLAB源码,包含一个多相滤波数字信道化函数和一个测试脚本,划分信道个数以及滤波器长度均可设置,亲测可用。

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  • cpci express的标准
    目前能找到的cpci express总线的标准ContentsIntroduction1.1 Statement of Compliance131.2 Terminology131.3 Applicable Documents181.4 Objectives…191.5 Name and Logo Usage....翻1E,B面201.5.1 Logo Use201.5.2 Trademark polic201.6 Intellectual Property211.7 Special Word Usage221.8 Connectors1.8.1 Legacy CompactPCI Connectors221.8.2 High -Speed Advanced differential Fabric Connectors1.83 UPM Power Connectors∴…251.8.3.1 System Slot/Board and Type 1 Peripheral Slot/Board.251.8.3.2 Switch Slot/ Board261.8.4 eHM C271.8.5 CompactPCI Pluggable Power Supply Connector271.9 Slot and board descriptions281.9.1 Connector Reference Designators...............311.9.2 System Slot and Board1.9.3 Type 1 Peripheral Slot and Board321.9.4 Type 2 Peripheral Slot and Board331.9.5 Hybrid Peripheral slot351.9.6 Legacy Slot1.9.7 Switch Slot and board.36197.13uSwitchSlotandboard.wwwwwww.361.9.7.2 6U Switch Slot and board371.10 EXample Configurations402 Mechanical Requirements452.1 Mechanical Overview452.2 DrayStandard452.3 Units452.4 Keepout Zones452.5 Connector Requirements.452.5.1 ADF Connectors452.5.1.1 Board connectors452.5.1.3 Backplane Connectors with Hot-Plug Suppor o2.5.1.2 Backplane Connectors without Hot-Plug Support46462.5.2 eHM Connectors462.5.2.1 Board Connector Type Designation.462.5.2.2 Backplane Connectors without Hot-Plug Support .........462.5.2.3 Backplane Connectors with Hot-Plug Support..... 462.5.3 UPM Connectors462.5.3.1 Backplane Connectors…………462.5.3.2 Board Connectors without Hot-Plug Support47PICMG EXPO CompactPCI Express Specification, Draft R. 93, March 11, 2005Do Not design To/Do Not claim compliance To/do Not distribute This specification2.5.3.3 Board Connectors with Hot-Plug Support2.5.4 HM Connectors472.5.5 47-Position Pluggable Power Supply Connector472.6 Chassis Subrack Requirements472.7 Backplane Requirements472.7.1 3U Backplane Dimensions and Connector Locations....... 472.7.2 6U Backplane Dimensions and Connector Locations2.8 Slot Numbering and Glyphs512.9 Board Requirements2.9.1 3U System/Type 1/Type 2 Board Dimensions and ConnectorLocations512.9.2 6U System/Type 1/Type 2 Board Dimensions and ConnectorLocations2.9.3 3U Switch board dimensions and connector locations wwm. 5429.4 6U Switch board dimensions and connector locations.552.9.5 Board pcb thickness562.9.6 ESD Discharge Strip562.9.7 ESD Clip562.9.8 Front Panels562.9.9 CompactPcI Express logo572.9.10 PMC/XMC Support….5729.11 Cross sectional vi582.9.12 Component Outline and Warpage582.9.13 Solder Side Cover(Optional)582. 9.14 Component Heights2.9. 15 System Slot Identification592.10 Rear-Panel 1/0 Board Requirements592.10.1 3U Rear-Panel l/o board dimensions592.10.2 6U Rear-Panel l/o board dimensions3 Electrical Requirements623. 1 Signal Definitions623.1.1 PCI Express Signals.623.1.1.1 PCI EXpress Transmit SigInaIs3.1.1.2 PCI Express Receive Signals623.1.1.3 Interconnect Definition633.1.1.3.1 Link definit633.1.1.3.2 Link Grouping.633.1.1.4 Electrical B643. 1.1.4.1 AC Coupling653.1.1.4.2 Insertion loss653.1.1.4.3 Crosstab‖k3.1.1.4,4 Lane-to-Lane skew3.1.1. 4.5 Equalization673.1.1.4.6 Skew within the Differential Pair(Intra-PairSkew)3.1.1.5 Jitter Budget Allocation683.1.1.5.1 Random Jitter(Rj)683.1.1.5.2 System Level Jitter Distribution693.1.1.5.3 Interconnect Jitter Budget693.1.1.5.4 Eye Patterns703. 1.1.5.5 Type 2 Peripheral Transmitter Eye4PICMG EXPO CompactPCI EXpress Specification, Draft R.93, March 11, 2005Do Not Design To/Do Not Claim Compliance To/Do Not Distribute This specification3.1.1.5.6 Controller Transmitter Eye3.1.1.5.7 Type 2 Peripheral Receiver Eye3.1.1.5. 8 Controller Receiver eye743.1.1.5. 9 Backplane Compliance Testing3.1.1.5. 10 Alternative Controller tX measurement.wm.773.1.1.6 Reference Clock783.1.1.6.1Hot-Pug…...….783.1.1.6.2 Clock Fan-Out..793. 1.1.6.3 Clocking dependencies3. 1.1.6.4 AC-Coupling and Biasing793.1.1.6.5 Routing length803. 1.1.6.6 Reference Clock Specification813.1.1.6.7 REFCLK Phase Jitter Specification3.1.2ESD853.1.35VauX.853.1.4 SMBI3.1.4.1 SMBus " Back Powering Considerations883.1.4.2 Backplane Identification and Capability Using SMBus. 883.1.5 PWRBTN# Signal943.1.6 PS ON# Signal.943.1.7 PWR OK Signal.......953.1.8 WAKE# Signal3.1.8. 1 Implementation Note983.1. 9 PERST# Signal993.1.9.1 nitial Power-Up(G3toL0)……………………1003.1.9.2 Power Management States(so to S3/S4 to so)1013.1.9.3 Power down1023.1.10 SYSEN# Signal…1033.1.11 Geographical Addressing1033. 1. 12 LINKCAP Signal1043.1.13/OPin1043.1.14 Reserved pins1043.2 Hot-Plug Support.1043.2.1 Hot-Plug sub-System Architecture1043.2.2 Power enable1073.2.3 Wake#1083.2.4 Module Power good1083.2.5 Present detection1083.2.6 System Management Bus1083.2.7 System Management Bus alert1083.2.8 Attention LED1093.2.9 Attention Switch1093.2.10 DC Specifications1093.3 Backplane Connector Pin Assignments1093.3.1 System SI3.3.1.1 4-Link Configuration1103.3.1.2 2-Link Combination Configuration3.3.2 Peripheral Slot I ype 11133.3. 3 Peripheral Slot Type 2.1153.3.4 Hybrid Peripheral slot.1153.3.5 Legacy slot117PICMG EXPO CompactPCI Express Specification, Draft R. 93, March 11, 2005Do Not design To/Do Not claim compliance To/do Not distribute This specification3.3.6 Switch Slot1173.3.6.1 3U Switch Slot3.3.6.2 6U Switch Slot x4 Link width1183.3.6.3 6U Switch Slot--X8 Link Width.1213.4 Power Supply Requirements…1233.4.1 Current Available1233.4.2 Regulation and Ripple and noise1243.4.3 Backplane Power Decoupling1243. 4.4 Power Supply Timing1243.4.5 Additional Power Requirements for Boards SupportingHot-Ppluc1254 Keying Requirements4Legacy Slots and Legacy boards12642 eHM Ke126A CompactPCI Express Advanced Differential Fabric Connector......129A 1 General data129A 1.1 Objective of this document.129A.1.2Scope129A.1.3 Intended Method of mounting129A 1. 4 Ratings and characteristics130A.1.5 Normative references130A.1.6 Markings……131A 1.7 Type Designation国131A.1.8 Ordering Information132A 1. 9 Special Connector LoadingsA2 Technical InformationA.2.1 Contacts and terminations133A 3 Dimensional Information134A.3.1 Isometric view and common features.134A 3.2 Engagement Information134A.3. 2.1 Electrical Engagement Length134A.3.2.2 First Contact point135A 3.2.3 Perpendicular to Engagement direction135A.3.2.4 Inclination135A 3.3 Backplane Connectors136A 3.3.1 Dimensions1136A.3.3.2 Contacts136A.3.3.3 Contact Tip Geometry…………137A.3.3,4 Terminations137A. 3. 4 Front board connectors wwwwwwwwwww138A,3. 4. Dimensions.138A 3.4.2 Terminations138A 3.5 Mounting Information for Backplane Connectors138A. 3.5. 1 Hole Pattern on Backplanes139A 3.5.2 Backplane Contact Positional Requirements139A.3.5.3 True position of male contacts.139A.3.6 Mounting Information for Front Board Connectors.140A 3.6.1 Hole Pattern on Printed boards140A 4 Characteristics1416PICMG EXPO CompactPCI EXpress Specification, Draft R.93, March 11, 2005Do Not Design To/Do Not Claim Compliance To/Do Not Distribute This specificationA.4.1 Climatic Category141A 4.1.1 Climatic Category Test batch P: Initial EXamination .....141A 4.1.2 Climatic Category Test Batch A: Mechanical Tests.. 141A 4.1.3 Climatic Category Test Batch B: Harsh Environments. 144A.4.1.4 Climatic Category Test Batch C: Damp Heat146A 4.1.5 Climatic Category Test Batch D: ExtendedEnvironmental Tests147A 4.1.6 Climatic Categary Test Batch E: ExtendedEnvironmental Tests148A.4.2 Electrical characteristics148A.4.2.1 Impedance148A 4.2.2 Crosstalk149A.4.2.3 Propagation Delay149A42.4 Differential skew..149A 4.25 Insertion Loss149BEnriched hard-Metric ConnectorB. 1 General data国面国B150B. 1. 1 Objective of this document150B.1.2 Description of the Connector,s Approach150B.1.3 Descriptive Partitions Found Further This document150B 1.4 Normative References15B 1.4.1 Primary references describing the generic Part ofthe co151B.1.42Additionalreferenceswwwwwww.15B.1.5 Intended Method of Mounting151B 1.6 Markings.152B.1.7 Type Designation(General)152B2 Technical Information∴152B 2.1 Definitions152B 2.2 Contacts152B 2.3 Contact Performance Level154B 2.4 Keying154B.2.4.1 Mating rules155B.2.4.2 Examples for mating and nonmating configurations . 156B.2.5 Type Designation156B 2.6 Applicational Information157B 2.6.1 Alignment and Gathering157B26.2 Polarization翻面面∴158B3 Dimensional InformationQB.3.1 General158B.3.2 View and common features158B3.3 Remarks on Mating Properties of eHM Connector…………159B 3. 4 Fixed Board connector160B 3.4.1 Dimensions160B 3.4.2 TerminationsB.3.4.3 Mounting Information for Fixed Board Connectors..161B 3. 4.4 Hole pattern on fixed board161B.3.4 5 Position of connectors on fixed board∴161B 3.5 Free board connectors162B 3.5.1 Dimensions162B 3.5.2 Termination163PICMG EXPO CompactPCI Express Specification, Draft R. 93, March 11, 2005Do Not Design TO/Do Not Claim Compliance To/Do Not Distribute This specificationB.3.5.3 Mounting Information for Free Board Connectors. .......163B 3.5.4 Hole pattern on free board163B 3.5.5 Position of connectors on front board163B4 Characteristics81.163B.4.1 Climatic Category∴163B 4.2 Electrical Characteristics163B.4.2. 1 Creepage and clearance Distances163B 4.2.2 Voltage Proof164B.4.2. 3 Current-Carrying Capacity.164B.4.2.4 Contact resistance.……164B 4.2.5 Insulation Resistance.164B 4.3 Mechanica164B.4.3.1 Mechanical Operation.164B.4.3.2 Engaging and Separating Forces164B 4.3.3 Contact retesert164B 4.3.4 Static Load. Transverse.164B 4.3.5 Gauge Retention Force.164B 4.3.6 Vibration(Sinusoidal.164B 4.3.7 Shock164B 4.3.8 Polarization method165B.4.3.9 Robustness and effectiveness of coding device .........165B.4.3.9.1 Conditions According to IEC60512-7,Test 13e....B165B 5 Test schedule165B.6 Quality Assessment Procedures…………….…..….…......…...165c Universal Power Connector(UPM)166C 1 General data.I....8.4.4面面面..166C.1.1 Objective of this document166C2 Dimensions167C 3 Perpendicular to Engagement Direction169C4 Inclination169C 5 Mounting Information169C 6 Climatic Category.171Figuresg1-1 HM Connectors231-2 Advanced Differential Fabric(ADF) Connector241-3 UPM Power Connector for System and Type 1 Peripheral Slots/Boards..251-4PowerConnectorforswitchslots/boardswwwwww.26-5 eHM Connector1-647- Position CompactS| Pluggable Power Supply Connector……….281-7 CompactPCI Express 3U Slot Examples29-8 Compact PCI Express 6u Slot Examples301-9 System Board311-10 System Slot321-11 Type 1 Peripheral Board321-12 Type 1 Peripheral Slot.331-13 Type 2 Peripheral Board-14 Type 2 Peripheral Slot34PICMG EXPO CompactPCI EXpress Specification, Draft R.93, March 11, 2005Do Not Design To/Do Not Claim Compliance To/Do Not Distribute This specification1-15 Hybrid Peripheral slot351-16 Boards Supported By Hybrid Peripheral Slots361-17 3 Switch Board371-18 3 Switch Slot371-19 6U Switch board38-20 6U Switch Slot391-21 Backplane with Hybrid Peripheral Slots and Legacy Slots401-22 Backplane with all Hybrid Peripheral Slots411-23 Backplane with Type 2 and Hybrid Peripheral Slots421-24 3U Backplane with Switch, System, Type 1, and Type 2 Slots1-256 U Backplane with Switch, System,Type1, and type2S∴………43442-1 Backplane Overall Dimensions482-2 30 Backplane connector Locations492-3 6U Backplane Connector Locations502-4 board compatibility glyphs2-5 Glyph for Boards that Operate in Either System or Peripheral Slots512-6 Slot Compatibility Glyphs……512-7 3U System, Type 1, and Type 2 Board Dimensions and ConnectorLocations522-8 6U System/Type 1/Type 2 Board Dimensions and Connector Locations...532-9 3 Switch board Dimensions and connector locations542-106uswItchboarddimensionsandconnectorlocations..w.wwwwww.552-11 Modification to PCB to Support Thicker Boards562-12 CompactPCI Express Logo572-13 Alternate CompactPC| Express Logo....….….…572-14 Approximate Clearance Between the PMC/XMC PCB and the aDFConnector………………..572-15 Board cross-Sectional view82-16 3U Rear-Panel l/o board dimensions,602-17 6U Rear-Panel l/o Board Dimensions613-1 2-Link and Loss definition643-2 Backplane Connector Footprint683-3 Interconnect jitter allocation703-4 Peripheral TX Eye Mask723-5 Controller TX eye Mask733-6 Peripheral RX Eye Mask743-7 Controller RX Eye Mask753-8 Backplane TX Compliance signal763-9 Backplane RX Eye…763-10 Alternative Controller measurement783-11 Biasing for HCSL Clock Input3-12 Biasing Simulation Results.803-13 Single-Ended Measurement for swing.833-14 Single-Ended Measurement Points for delta cross point833-15 Single-Ended Measurement Points for Rise and Fall Time Matching ..........833-16 Differential Measurement Points for Duty Cycle and Period833-17 Differential measurement points for rise and fall time843-18 Differential Measurement Points for Ringback843-19 Eight-Slot Backplane Example913-20 Power Supply Timing95PICMG EXPO CompactPCI Express Specification, Draft R. 93, March 11, 2005Do Not design To/Do Not claim compliance To/do Not distribute This specification3-21 WAKE Rise and fall time measurement points983-22 WAKE# Circuit Example93-23 Power Up…1013-24 Power Management states1023-25 Power down1033-26 Typical Hot-Plug Interface Implementation1063-27 4-Link Configuration Backplane Example1103-28 2-Link Combination Configuration backplane example112A-1 Sample Part Number with Explanation132A-2 Special Connector Loading 01001面着国面国B面面国33A-3 View of connectors with common features134A-4 Connector Mating Sequence35A-5 Dimensional Drawing of Backplane Connector.136A-6 Contact Geometry for Zone 2 Backplane Connector137A-7 Dimensional Drawing of Front Board Connectors138A-8 Hole Requirements for backplane Connector139A-9 Backplane Pin Contact Positional Tolerance ................................................140A-10 Hole Requirements for the Front Board Connector140B-1 View of Fixed and Free Board Keying Design(Left Perspective, RightDetailed).……155B-2 View of a Mating and a Non-Mating Keying Combination156B-3 View of fixed and free Board connectors..158B-4 View of Fixed Board connector Including polarization Feature.......159B-5 Dimensional drawing of Fixed board eHM connector160B-6 Hole Requirements for eHM on Fixed Board161B-7 Dimensional drawing of eHM Free Board connector…162B-8 Hole Requirements for eHM Free Board Connector............163C-1 UPM-F-7 Female 7-Position power connector dimensional information 167C-2 UPM-F-5 Female 5-Position Power Connector Dimensional Information ....168C-3 Male 7-Position power connector 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免费分享85,6直接耦合谐振器笮带带通§7.8支线定向合器…………滤波器………………………§7.9混合电桥的基本概念3!9§区.71/4波长短截线和联接线宽§7.10魔?和折叠双T接头………3I带带通滤波器…957.11矩形波导裂缝电桥§5.8平行耦合线带通滤泼器…20087.12环形电桥h十酽■■■冒吾1·P■■··3了3§59交指型带通滤波器……………6§7.13三端功率分配器…§5.10微带阻滤波器习趣§5,11徼波分路滤波器……………26§5,12微波滤波酱的相移和时延第八章微速铁氧体元件……特性司卓p自申●■啁口中●口啁■四●d自■口■§8.1引言……………………3日§5.13元件损耗对滤波器性能的§82张量导磁率和本征导磁率…影响4■即22383铁氧体非互易网络-346习题230§8,4Y型结环行器分析…………370§8.5双模移相器分析第大拿.阻抗匹配网络「2§8.6边导模器件…39§6.1引言23题………397§6.2抗匹配网络的宽带极……233§631/4波长阶梯阻抗变换器…a九章微渡系統分析中·“章自甲·‘86,4渐变线阻抗变换器…7§9.1引6.5低通港波阻抗变换器25289.2复杂网络的一般婢论……………4§6.6电抗性负载阻抗匹配网络……25939.3微波混合系统分析……n09§67负阻负载随抗匹配网络……21§9.4微波复杂系统分析…………43对题27589.5徼波溅量系统分柝·§9.6长馈线网络反射系数的概第七蠶微波定向網合器、沮合电桥及率分布+66功率分配器27T习趙87,1引肓……27§72定向耦合器的基本概念第十章计算乱输助设计网络初步…4537了§7.3平行矩形披导圆孔阵定向§1.1引言476合器21§1.2计鲜机辅助设计的一般§7.4正交矩形波导十字槽定向问题45构合器■·十■■平■■+·4女■画■p■b■29010,3矩量法S75单节平行糊合线定向糊§1合,4微波网络的优化99合器…295§10.5模拟技术§7.6多节平行耦合线定向§10.6计算机辅助设计的发展糊合楼越势50r§77不均匀耦合线高通定向耦合器……附录四单纯形优计录附录五长愦缤网络反射系数的附录一矩阵代数模拟程序及其说明附录二互易定理参考书目…晶幽"55附录三行主元消去法求逆矩阵…506第一章微波网络基础§1.1引言任何一个微波系统,都是由各种微波元件和徽波传输线连接而成。微波传输线特性可以用广义传输线方程来描述,徼波元件特性可以《类似低频网络)等效电路来描述,于是复杂的徽波系统,就可以用电磁理论和低频网络理论相绪合来求解,成为一门傲波网络理诒。每个微菠元件都可飴和几个微波传输线相连接,按照所连接传输线数目多少,微波元件可以分成苧端口、双端『、三端口、四端口等微波元件。每个微波元件都可以看成个微波网络,堕着徵波元件端口数的不同,微波网络也分为单端口、双端『、三端口、四端口等微波网络。实际所用的微波元件可高达四端口,凹端厂以上的徽波元件就很少应用了微波网络理论的主要目的,在于分析做波元件的工作特性,或依据它的工作特性,综合出微波元件结构和设讨方法,以便工程应用。分析微波元件的工作特性的方法有二,是应用麦克斯韦方程和元件的特定边界条件,求出其场强的分布、波的振荡和传输等特性;另一是把微波元件等效成微波网络,把连接它的传输縐等效成双导线传输线,然后用网络方法进行分菥。第一种方法比迹严格,听得结果ⅸ较全面正确,但其数学送算繁琐,所得结果通常都是特妹函缴,不便于下程应用。第种方法是近似的,能够得到微波元件主要传输特性,并且网络参薮可用测量方法来确定,便于工程应用,但不能得出元件内部场的分布情況。昱然如此,但由于网络方法计算简便,易于测量,又为广大工程技术人员所熟知,揿应用较为广泛。徽波电磁理论与徹波网络理论域是两大独立分支,但两者是相互连系的,微波网络理论是微波电磁理论的工程化,只信在微波电憾理论的基础上来探讨和发展微波网络理论,才是正确的方向微波网络理论又分为线性网绉理论和非线性网络理论,本书只讨论线性网络理论微波网络方法分析法和综合法两种,分析法是按已经掌握的基本微波网络结构及其特性,进行各种组合,来满足工作要求;综合法则根预定工作特性要求,来实现徼波网络结构。前者设计比较简单,但往往得不到性能优良而元件较少的最佳结果;后者虽然设计理论比较复杂,但能得到性能优良而元件较少的最佳设计。现在由于电子计算机的发展网络猕合所雷要的繁琰计算,都可用计算机来完成,一些主要元件设计都有现成图表数据备查,因而网络综合法已成为设计微波元件的主要方法。本书就是以网络综合法作为主要方法本章日的在于给定微波阿络的一些基本概念和基本参数。首先讨论广义传输线理论3从而定义出微波网络的电压和电流,这对了解等效电路的意义是很必要的。然后导出网络的阻抗矩阵、导纳矩阵、A矩阵、散射矩阵以及传输矩阵,并讨论它们的性质与相互变换,这给我们分析徽波网络是供数学工具。最后,讨论徼波闼络的本征值问题、网络参数浏量理论以及讯号流图,这对我们求解微波网络问题提供些必要的手。§1.2做波传输线及其特性电磁波可以用导体战介质进行引导,使其按一定方向传输·这种引导电磁被的装置叫妝传输线。在微波波段内,导行波的现象特明显,特别容彭b,因而有各种各样的微波传输线。图1.2-1示出几种常见的微波传输线,它们都是直的〔轴向),可以很长,直至无穷远。它们的横截面(横〕的几旋早4)矩形导(Abet〔c)同抽线何形状和媒质分布处处灬样,不因轴向位置不同而改变n这类传轴线叫做均匀传输线。在这些传输线中,电磁波沿着轴向传输,横截面上电磁场按一定规律分t带线布,所以这类电磁场问题可分为d)带状线两部分来研究。一是研究轴向的团12-1各种做菠传输线传输问题,叫做纵向问题;一是研究横截面上电磁场分布问题,叫做横向问题。两者相互联系,相互制约,究竟先研究哪个阿题,在理论上是无关紧要的。本背先从麦克斯韦方程发,简略叙速这类传输线的分析方法,从而得出其传输特性和等效电路。、微波传输线的电磁场方架研究任意檢截面的均匀徼波传输线中的电碱场,应从麦克斯韦方程出发。在正弦交变场情况下支克斯韦方程的复数形式是vxH=OEYXE=-FoWH.2-1·E=0V·=Q式屮∈是媒质的介电常数,μ是导磁率,它们都是与场强无关的當数。为求解传输线中电场E和磁场酽的方便,通常引入两个赫兹矢量位。由VH=0出发,可引入一个矢量位∏,使得≡{×∏,它消足回·H=jω∈V·(Vⅹn)=0,因为任何欠量旋度的散度恒等于零。矢量位∏°叫做赫兹电矢量,它揣足三维亥姆霍茨方程V2T+2T-0H=j∈V×T(1.2-2E=V(∏)+kT由¢-E=0出发,还可引入另一个矢量位冂,使得E=-fμ×n,并满足方程,j0v·(×T")=0。矢量位∏叫做赫兹磁矢量,它也满足三维亥姆霍茯·EVm+2r”=E=-jcV×nH=V(·T")+2n式中k=v比∈是无限媒质的波数。为解出均匀传输线中电磁场的普遍关系式,我们釆用广义正交柱坐标系(,琶,2)其中z是纵向直坐标,而,v是横截面上的曲线坐标,如图1.2-2所示。对于直角坐标系,“=%,U=y。在此坐标系中,为求解方程常数(12-2)和(12-3)筒便起见,可令『和∏t情数只有z方间分量,即=ir=ili同时担算符Ⅴ写成Ⅴ=4十--,其中Ⅴ是横截面型标的算符、L是之方向的单位矢。将上述关图122广叉止交坐訴系系代入(1.22)和(12-3)式中即可得到H=冖jo∈XV∏EA=v022十2∏z以及V21]z+21i=0E=j四Hz=×Ⅴm(1.2-5FI = =vp点2丑由此可见,在惹电矢量只有z分量的情况F,电磁波在2方向只有电场分量Ex而磁场分量Hx=,掀叫橫磁波(TM模),又叫徹哐波(E貘)。在勅兹磁矢量只有z分量的情况下,电磁波在z方向只有磁场分量II,而电场分量x=0,故叫做横忠波(TE模),又叫徹磁波(摸)这些模式能否在传输线中存在,是出其边界条件来决定的。对于TM模,在W=常数或U=常数的电壁(殚想导体表面)上!9=0;在H=常数的磁壁⊥d=0,在=常数的磁壁上(理想导磁体表面),。0=0,对于模,在2常数的电壁上,0,在=常数的电壁上,a门=0;在=砦数或v=常数的磁瑾上,巧=0在徽彼传输线中,如果单纯TM模或TE核不能满足逊界条件时,两者必须同时存在此时电磁就既有Ex分量,也有丑分量,叫做混合模。在直型标系中,混合模有两种简单形式,可令(12-2)或(1.2-3)式中=,「=求得。它们的表示式是∏6+hnr+R s上x=0d+们(1.2-7)EPoYEHII∵x由此可见,在赫兹电矢量只有x分量的情况下,电憾波的电场和磁场都具有之分量,仨磁场没有分量,即H=0,磁力线分纵向截上,叫做纵向磁波,筒称LSM模或TM模。在赫兹磁欠量只有x分量的情况下,电磁波的电场和磁场都有z分量,但电场没有x分量,即E:=0,电力线分布在纵向截面上,叫做纵向电波,简称LSE模或TEx棋。广义传输线方程我竹已知:求解黴波传输线的电磁场时,不管其中存在何种传输模式:槨要解赫兹矢量的三维亥姆霍茨方程,特别重要的是求解其中某一坐标分量的三维亥姆霍茨方积Van+kl o即YAI T五↓高I=0式中波函数Ⅱ既可以代表赫兹电矢量的κ分量(M模〉或x分量(LSM模),也可以代表赫兹磁矢量的2分量(TE模)或分量(LSE樸)。(1.2-8)式是个二阶偏微分方程,可用分离交量法求解。求解时令∏(#,沙,2)=∫(#,v)ψ(212-9式中f(u,t)只是横截面平标和的函数,ψ(x)只是纵向坐标之的图数。将(1,2-9式代入(1.2-8)式中就得到Vif(m, v)d2p(2)上式芹边仅仅是和U的数,与2无关;右边仅仅是z的函数,与和矿无关。两边相等,表明它们都必须等于常数。设此分离常数为一,则有(1.2-10)y2(2)=0(1.2-11)式中γ=k一由此可见,波函数∏(,U,2)可分离成f(u,)烈ψ(2)两个函教之积,其中f(,v)满足横坐标和v的二维亥姆霍茨方程,它决定横截面上电磁场分布。ψ(2)满足纵巫标z的传输线方程,它决定轴向电磁波的传输特性,故此方程称为广义传输线方程。由于我们所研究的微波传输线是无穷长,没有反射波,,故(1.2-11)式的解是2〕=Ag式中A是一个常缴,决定波的振幅。于是波函数n是∏(u,,z)=f(,u)ψ(z)=Af(n,)e(1.2-12)已知波函数后,传输线中各种模式的电戤场可由(1.2-4)到(1.2-7)式求得例如对于TM模∈A2xV(H,U)EE1=一YAVf(,t)e1.2-13)42)e对」IEE=j甲A2×Vf(,)e1(1.2-14)ustkA(u, ue传输特性电磁波在微波传输线中的传输特性,通常用其相速、波阳抗以及传输功率来表征,因为用它们可以确定波的传输快慢、强弱以及电场与磁场间的关系。一般说来,波的这些特性都与传输线的横截面的儿何结构有关,也就是与其边界条件关。下面分别叙述之1.被的速度在(12-2)式中波函数具有因子cY,它表示电磁波沿2方向的传输情况。ˇ叫做传输常数,通常是个复数,可以写为y=a+。其中叫做衰减常数,表示波在传输过程中振幅哀减的快慢β叫做相移常数,表示波不传输过程中相位变化的快慢。如果我们假设媒质是无耗的,μ和∈郗是实常数,则波数長=如vμ也是实数,这样,由y2后一}2可知,y的性质随者的不同而异,而是白横截面的边界条件决定的但是,不管横截画的几何结构如何,只可能有三种情况:(1)是的=0,(2)是>0,(3)是A0的情况下,电磁波的E。或H不等于,可以是M糖、E模或混合模这时传掏常数是即1.2-1?)如果令h=-5=2x/2n,B=/=2x/入,h=2τ/A其中是无限媒质中的波长,2是波导波长,A是截止波长,则(12-17)式变为(λ3/A入)21.2-18}由此可见,当為a,kx>λ,即波的相速大子无限媒质的光速,叫做快波。快波的波长大于无限媒质的波长。当λ>λa时,相速和波长都是虚激,没有物理意义,但这时=kk式中α是实数,故此电磁波变成衰减电磁场,随着轴向距离的增大,场的振幅逐惭衰演,但其相位不变,故衰减场是不能在传输线上传输的。0=是传输线中传输快波还是衰减场的临界情况,这时=0,月=0,传输线中既没有快波传输,也不是衰减场,而是等福的电磁场。λ之所以叫儆截止铍长,是因为当λ≥λe时,传输线中没有电磁波传输。在始8:因此Y=vR一的=v1+(B/R)=f于是波的相速和波长是1.2-19)2兀=入/V1+(戶,/)2由此可见,这类波的相速小于无阳媒质中的光速,岍做慢波,慢波的波长小于无限媒中的波长
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