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完整的数控刀具管理系统源程序
基于数据库的数控刀具管理系统的程序，数据库是Access，包含完整的代码，功能上包含数控刀具的入库、出库、借出、查询等功能。
- 2020-12-02下载
- 积分：1
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大气湍流模型_.pdf
激光(Laser：Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)是光受激辐射放大的简称。原子受光子照射时不仅发生受激辐射同时还发生受激吸收。这两种过程是矛盾的。通常情况下吸收过程是主要的，受激辐射过程是次要的. 如果能够通过某种方法破坏粒子数的热平衡分布，受激辐射能量将大于吸收能量，受激过程将胜于吸收过程。这里E[v2]是单位为(m/s)2的速度平方平均值,离开地面高度h的单位为km,h的范围5~20km。近期实验证实了这个模型的近似合理性,并指出在儿百米以卜的近地面范围内,在白天Cn(h)≈C2()h43,在仅晚C2(h)≈C2()h23,另外Hal!发现8在草地覆盖面上空,Cn(h)≈C2()h3, Davidson发现海面上空C(h)≈C2()h23,1m≤h≤10m。一般m言,在近地面处C2的典型值从102m23(对于强湍流)到108m23(对于弱湍流)的范围内折射率功率谱密度折射率的随机起伏n1(r)主要是由温度空间分布中的随机微观结构而引起的,这种微观结构的起源则在于地球表面不同区域被太阳不同加热而引起的极大尺度的温度非均匀性,这种大尺度的温度非均匀性进而又引起大尺度的折射率非均匀性,它们最后被湍流风和对流冲碎,使非均匀性的尺度变得越来越小。湍流的大小范围通常从几毫米到几米,分别用内长度l和外长度L表示通常把大气折射率的非均匀性称为湍流“旋涡”,可以把他们想像成一些空气包,每个空气包鄞有一个特征的折射率。均匀湍流的功率谱密度Φ,(K)可以看成是尺度为L=2x/k,L=2x/和L,=2x/k的旋涡的相对丰度的一种量度。在各向同性湍流的情况下,Φ(K)仪是波数k的函数,k通过L=2x/k与旋涡大小L相联系。在 Kolmogorov关于湍流理论的终典工作的基础,普遍认为功率谱密度Φn(K)包括三个不同的区。对于很小的k=2n/L0(很大规模的尺寸)的区域叫输入区,在这个区域内谱的形状取决于特定的湍流是如何发生的,而且它通常是各向异性的。在这个区域被理论不能预言Φ(K)的数学形式。但当k大于某一临界波数λ时,Φ(K)的形状由制约着大湍流旋涡破碎为小旋涡的物理定律来决定。当k大于k0时,k0≈2x/,就进入了谱的惯性子区间。这里的Φn的形式可以由已确立的制约湍流的物理定律描述。由Kσ oImogoro湍流理论,Φ,为D(K)=0033C2k-1/32.5)当k达到了另一个临界值k的形式再次改变,这个区域叫耗散区,在这个区域里能量的耗散超过了动能。因此能量很小。所以,当k>k时,Φ很快下降。这里kn≈2π/l。 Tatarski川如下模型来概括k>k时Φn的快速下降:29C1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElcctronicPublishinghOusc.Allrightsrescrved.http://www.cnki.ncton(k)=0.033C, exp(k/km)(2.6)若选取kn=5.92/l,并且k>kn,上式是一个合理的近似。由式(25)和(2.6)所表示的谱在原点均偶不可积的极点,为了克服这种模型的缺点,常采用一种称为Ⅴ on karman谱的形式。这时谱近似地表示为0.033CΦ(k)≈(k2+k2)16 exp(- /km)Andrews提出了一个的近似谱8Φ(0.033 CR exp(-k2/k2)7/61+aQ2((k2+k2)16(28)k1k1其屮,a1=1.802,a2=0.254,k,-3.3/。注意,在a1=a2=0和作k=kn代换后Andrews模式简化为 Von karman谱;当k=l=0时,上式退化为(25)式。激光在大气中的传输方程假定大气的磁导率为常数,介电常量是随空间变化的。对于单色电磁波在地球大气中的传播,这时 Maxwell方程取以下形式l9V·H=0V×E=jboH(2.9)EOoEV·(EE)=0式(2.9)中,E是电场;H是磁场;a是角频率;而V矢量的分量为(O/ax,0/Cy,O/az)。把V×运算应用于式(29)的第二个方程,并将第二方程代入第三个方程,并考虑第四个方程,我们得到V·E+AHEE+V(E·Vlns)=0(2.10)这里代表以e为底的对数。波传播的局域速度即某点上的速度是(e)12,它也等于ch,式中,c是自由空间中的光速,而n是同一点上的局部折射率,因此u8=n/(2.11)由于和c是常数,有VIne=2vIn n(2.12)将式(2.11)和(2.12)代入式(210),得到C1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElcctronicPublishinghOusc.Allrightsrescrved.http://www.cnki.nct
- 2020-12-04下载
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基于ARM电子琴的设计
基于ARM的电子琴设计 很好用的资源噢~~
- 2021-05-06下载
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MATLAB在卡尔曼滤波器中应用的理论与实践Kalman
MATLAB在卡尔曼滤波器中应用的理论与实践KalmanKALMAN FILTERINGTheory and Practice Using MATLABThird editionMOHINDER S GREWALCalifornia State University at FullertonANGUS P. ANDREWSRockwell Science Center (retired)WILEYA JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. PUBLICATIONCopyright 2008 by John Wiley sons, Inc. All rights reservedPublished by John Wiley sons, InC, Hoboken, New JerseyPublished simultaneously in CanadaNo part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or byany means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permittedunder Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior writtenpermission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to theCopyright Clearance Center, Inc, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923,(978)750-8400, fax(978)750-4470,oronthewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbe addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc, lll River Street, Hoboken, NJ07030,(201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008,oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissionimit of liability Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts inpreparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability orfitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives orwritten sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situationYou should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liablefor any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidentalconsequential, or other damagesFor general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact ourCustomer Care Department within the United States at(800)762-2974, outside the United States at(317)572-3993 or fax(317)572-4002Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print maynot be available in electronic format. For more information about wiley products, visit our web site atwww.wiley.comLibrary of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication DataGrewal. Mohinder sKalman filtering: theory and practice using MATLAB/Mohinder S. GrewalAngus p. andrews. 3rd edIncludes bibliographical references and indexISBN978-0-470-17366-4( cloth)1. Kalman filtering. 2. MATLAB. I. Andrews, Angus P. II. TitleQA402.3.G69520086298312—dc22200803733Printed in the United States of america10987654321CONTENTSPrefaceAcknowledgmentsXIIIList of abbreviationsXV1 General Information1.1 On Kalman Filtering1.2 On Optimal Estimation Methods, 51. 3 On the notation Used In This book 231. 4 Summary, 25Problems. 262 Linear Dvnamic Systems2. 1 Chapter focus, 312.2 Dynamic System Models, 362. 3 Continuous Linear Systems and Their Solutions, 402.4 Discrete Linear Systems and Their Solutions, 532.5 Observability of Linear Dynamic System Models, 552.6 Summary, 61Problems. 643 Random Processes and Stochastic Systems3.1 Chapter Focus, 673.2 Probability and random Variables (rvs), 703.3 Statistical Properties of RVS, 78CONTEN3.4 Statistical Properties of Random Processes(RPs),803.5 Linear rp models. 883.6 Shaping Filters and State Augmentation, 953.7 Mean and Covariance propagation, 993.8 Relationships between Model Parameters, 1053.9 Orthogonality principle 1143.10 Summary, 118Problems. 1214 Linear Optimal Filters and Predictors1314.1 Chapter Focus, 1314.2 Kalman Filter. 1334.3 Kalman-Bucy filter, 1444.4 Optimal Linear Predictors, 1464.5 Correlated noise Sources 1474.6 Relationships between Kalman-Bucy and wiener Filters, 1484.7 Quadratic Loss Functions, 1494.8 Matrix Riccati Differential Equation. 1514.9 Matrix Riccati Equation In Discrete Time, 1654.10 Model equations for Transformed State Variables, 1704.11 Application of Kalman Filters, 1724.12 Summary, 177Problems. 1795 Optimal Smoothers5.1 Chapter Focus, 1835.2 Fixed-Interval Smoothing, 1895.3 Fixed-Lag Smoothing, 2005.4 Fixed-Point Smoothing, 2135.5 Summary, 220Problems. 226 Implementation Methods2256. 1 Chapter Focus, 2256.2 Computer Roundoff, 2276.3 Effects of roundoff errors on Kalman filters 2326.4 Factorization Methods for Square-Root Filtering, 2386. 5 Square-Root and UD Filters, 2616.6 Other Implementation Methods, 2756.7 Summary, 288Problems. 2897 Nonlinear Filtering2937.1 Chapter Focus, 2937.2 Quasilinear Filtering, 296CONTENTS7.3 Sampling Methods for Nonlinear Filtering, 3307.4 Summary, 345Problems. 3508 Practical Considerations3558.1 Chapter Focus. 3558.2 Detecting and Correcting Anomalous behavior, 3568.3 Prefiltering and Data Rejection Methods, 3798.4 Stability of Kalman Filters, 3828. 5 Suboptimal and reduced- Order Filters, 3838.6 Schmidt-Kalman Filtering, 3938.7 Memory, Throughput, and wordlength Requirements, 4038.8 Ways to Reduce Computational requirements 4098.9 Error Budgets and Sensitivity Analysis, 4148.10 Optimizing Measurement Selection Policies, 4198.11 Innovations analysis, 4248.12 Summary, 425Problems. 4269 Applications to Navigation4279.1 Chapter focus, 4279.2 Host vehicle dynamics, 4319.3 Inertial Navigation Systems(INS), 4359. 4 Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS), 4659.5 Kalman Filters for GNSS. 4709.6 Loosely Coupled GNSS/INS Integration, 4889.7 Tightly Coupled GNSS /INS Integration, 4919. 8 Summary, 507Problems. 508Appendix A MATLAB Software511A 1 Notice. 511A 2 General System Requirements, 511A 3 CD Directory Structure, 512A 4 MATLAB Software for Chapter 2, 512A. 5 MATLAB Software for Chapter 3, 512A6 MATLAB Software for Chapter 4, 512A. 7 MATLAB Software for Chapter 5, 513A 8 MATLAB Software for Chapter 6, 513A 9 MATLAB Software for Chapter 7, 514A10 MATLAB Software for Chapter 8, 515A 11 MATLAB Software for Chapter 9, 515A 12 Other Sources of software 516CONTENAppendix b A Matrix Refresher519B. 1 Matrix Forms. 519B 2 Matrix Operations, 523B 3 Block matrix Formulas. 527B 4 Functions of Square Matrices, 531B 5 Norms. 538B6 Cholesky decomposition, 541B7 Orthogonal Decompositions of Matrices, 543B 8 Quadratic Forms, 545B 9 Derivatives of matrices. 546Bibliography549Index565PREFACEThis book is designed to provide familiarity with both the theoretical and practicalaspects of Kalman filtering by including real-world problems in practice as illustrativeexamples. The material includes the essential technical background for Kalman filter-ing and the more practical aspects of implementation: how to represent the problem ina mathematical model, analyze the performance of the estimator as a function ofsystem design parameters, implement the mechanization equations in numericallystable algorithms, assess its computational requirements, test the validity of resultsitor the filteThetant attributes ofthe subject that are often overlooked in theoretical treatments but are necessary forapplication of the theory to real-world problemsIn this third edition, we have included important developments in the implemen-tation and application of Kalman filtering over the past several years, including adaptations for nonlinear filtering, more robust smoothing methods, and develelopingapplications in navigationWe have also incorporated many helpful corrections and suggefrom ourreaders, reviewers, colleagues, and students over the past several years for theoverall improvement of the textbookAll software has been provided in MatLab so that users can take advantage ofits excellent graphing capabilities and a programming interface that is very close tothe mathematical equations used for defining Kalman filtering and its applicationsSee Appendix a for more information on MATLAB softwareThe inclusion of the software is practically a matter of necessity because Kalmanfiltering would not be very useful without computers to implement it. It provides aMATLAB is a registered trademark of The Mathworks, IncEFACEbetter learning experience for the student to discover how the Kalman filter works byobserving it in actionThe implementation of Kalman filtering on computers also illuminates some of thepractical considerations of finite-wordlength arithmetic and the need for alternativealgorithms to preserve the accuracy of the results. If the student wishes to applywhat she or he learns, then it is essential that she or he experience its workingsand failings--and learn to recognize the differenceThe book is organized as a text for an introductory course in stochastic processes atthe senior level and as a first-year graduate-level course in Kalman filtering theory andapplicationIt can also be used for self-instruction or for purposes of review by practi-cing engineers and scientists who are not intimately familiar with the subject. Theorganization of the material is illustrated by the following chapter-level dependencygraph, which shows how the subject of each chapter depends upon material in otherchapters. The arrows in the figure indicate the recommended order of study. Boxesabove another box and connected by arrows indicate that the material represented bythe upper boxes is background material for the subject in the lower boxAPPENDIX B: A MATRIX REFRESHERGENERAL INFORMATION2. LINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEMSRANDOM PROCESSES AND STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS4. OPTIMAL LINEAR FILTERS AND PREDICTORS5. OPTIMAL SMOOTHERS6. IMPLEMENTATIONMETHODS7. NONLINEAR8. PRACTICAL9. APPLICATIONSFILTERINGCONSIDERATIONSTO NAVIGATIONAPPENDIX A: MATLAB SOFTWAREChapter l provides an informal introduction to the general subject matter by wayof its history of development and application. Chapters 2 and 3 and Appendix b coverthe essential background material on linear systems, probability, stochastic processesand modeling. These chapters could be covered in a senior-level course in electricalcomputer, and systems engineeringChapter 4 covers linear optimal filters and predictors, with detailed examples ofapplications. Chapter 5 is a new tutorial-level treatment of optimal smoothing
- 2020-12-01下载
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matlab 交通流中机动车辆的检测
交通流中机动车辆的轮廓提取与标识 附带视频
- 2020-12-01下载
- 积分：1
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飞机机票系统
网上机票预订系统，里面有详细的外部接口需求、性能需求、软件属性需求、数据需求、概念设计以及详细设计的部分代码相关内容,如果满意可以点击订票,把相关信息添加到机票数据库表中,如果不满意,可以点重置,所有信息清空,再重新选择。●退票窗口,用户可以根据用户信息表中的我的机票信息査询,找出机票号,在输入到机票号査询里,点击査询获得你的杋票信息以及价格显示,点击退票则在数据库机票信息表中朋除本条信息。●管理员界血的管理员添加芥血能对管理员信息进行査询、添加、删除和修改,包括用户名、登陆密码和联系方式。管理员界面的舱位信息的査询、添加、删除和修改,包括舱位等缴编号、舱位等级名称、提供的各种服务类别,以及备注信息等。●管理员界面的客机信息界面对客杋信息的添加、修改、删除和査询,包括客机编号、客机型号、购买时间、服役时间、经济舱座位数量、公务舱座位数量、头等舱座位数量以及备注信息等。●管理员界面的航线信息界面对航线信息的添加、修改、朋除和査询,包括航线编号、出发城市、到达城市、航班日期、出发时间、到达时间、客机编号、经济舱价格公务舱价格、头等舱价袼和备注信息等。●客户等级信息的的添加、修改、删除和查询,包括客户等级编号、客户等级名称折扣比例和备注信息等。管理员界面的用户信息查询,能查询所有的已注册的用户信息。管理员界面订票信息界面,可以査询所有的已订的机票的信息。23用户特点及一般约束1.管理员和用户的登陆要求合法的管理员以及用户才能登陆体统,防止系统被无关人员动用,使用字符串匹配对用户名和密码进行判断。管理员和用户的登录对相应的操作权限也不一样,如果是用户登录,管理员的窗口属性为不可用,管员冇舱位信息管,客杋信息管理,航线信息管理客户类型信息管理,客户信息和订票信息管理,用户主要有舱位査询,客机信息査询,航线信息查询,客户类型信息查询,自己的信息管理,和自己订票和退票2管理员的日常操作管理员可以对舱位信息,客杋信息,航线信息,客户类型信息,进行査询、修改和删除操作,可以对客户信息和订票信息只有査询操作。3用户的的日常操作用户可以进行注册然后登陆系统,可以查询舱位信息,客机信息査询,航线信息查询,客户类型信息,可以对自己的信息进行修改,可以定票(按照肮班号进行预订机票,显示所订机票的信息和价格,进入支付系统付账,并再次要求客户确认,确认无误后订票成功)可以退票(在特殊情况下(如天气不适合飞机起降,飞机延误超过30分钟)等给予全额退票,如果是个人原因只能退50%),对退票后的机票要在未售出机票中重新体现24功能需求(用DFD图表示)241用户注册的DFD图顶层图:点击新用填写信息P获得确认注册成功可户注册填写相应的登录信息注册图点击新用写信息PIP2获得确认户注册填写相应的返回用户注册成功信息注册信息D添加用户信息数据流图开输入用广名和密码而断用P名和测码是青正提错忍录金理面判断管理阻标志录时f结束242用户订票的DFD图顶层图用户登杳阅积订1层图PLP2用广登输入要查查洵机处理订订票订票成询D1机票信2层图D2订票信息票信息票信息P用户信息用户登陆处理用户查询用户查询订票信D3机票已卖完节息信息用户信息用户证信检查机票是D4订票有误信D1用户信息否存在机票数冒已满信息错更新机票误信息书信信用户243退票的DFD图顶层图白票信息用户登陆退票退票成功1层图D订票记用户登处理订票取消机票退票成机票信退款处退票的原因D2退票的相关规244机票信息查询的DFD图顶层图用户登的机票铜查询机机票层图:P用户脊找机处理机票机.票信机单D票信息清D2机票信25外部接口需求在用户界面方面要求错误信息格式均以弹出提示框的形式出现,硬软件接∏方面没有特别的需求,一般用户都可以直接使用。25性能需求因为系统夲身较小,并不投入实际应用,因此响应时间、结果精度方面可能会比较差,数据量大小方面能够处理较大的数据量。26软件属性需求在数据检索、数据增删改方面必须做到丝亳不差,满足软件开发的正确性要求。必须考虑充足的异常处哩机制以及软件的复用性,以便增强软件的健壮性。在安仝保密性方面倣到不同身份所能处理的事务不同,避免保密数据泄漏:设置足够的触发器对不安全的数据修改进行回滚操作,进而保证了安全性要求。所廾发出来的软件必须是叮维护的,不能把一些东西做的太妣。27数据需求(ER图表示)管理员信息实体E-R图如图2-1所示。管理员信息实体管理员编号管理员电话管理员用户名管理员密码舱位等级信息实体E-R图如图22所小。船位感位等线号m>均日图2-3客机信息实体ER图航线信息实体ER图如图2-4所示信比号备思出发城市到达球市图2-4航线信息实体ER图客户类型信息实体ER图如图2-5所示癣型实斗鬥型端号客广型姓名折比例图25客户类型信息实体ER图客户信息实体ER图如图2-6所示。吞户信实售户号客姓名联票图2-6客户信息实休ER图订票信息实体ER图如图2-7所示订票信息实体订票倌息号客户共客户信恩航线信息图2-7订票信息实体ER图实体之间关系的ER图如图2-8所示。舱位等信息机信容户垄型信客户记线设置户信息航线信息顸订机票□订哪信图28实体之间关系的ER图三、概要设计3.1总体设计(系统总流程图)网上机票预订系統用理路录广|需共●验证登陆名密码,正确进入主菜单,根据登录时所选的脊录方式(客户、管理员)的不同分别对用户设定不同的访问权限(如果是输入的客户用户名和密码正确,选择以客户方式登陆则主界面里面的管理员界面不能用,如果输入的是管理员的相应用户密码正确,以管理员的方式登陆则管珥员界面可用)不正确则清空登录框,最多可以输入三次,三次不止确系统会自动关闭登陆界面FrmLoFan用户名:Wg=icha距码:客尸登阵地定●新用户注册,新用户可以注册,注册时输入用户名可以杏询用户可不π用,可用就可以注册,注册时可以判断用户输入的密码和验证密码是否相同,相同才给以注册,如果满意可以点注册,注册成功后用户可以选择不用在回到登陆界面,可以直接陆到用户主界面,以后就可以用这个用户登录了,如果不满意,点取消,所有信息清空,重新输入注册界面Farm⊥Teg1tcrx用户注册1个人信启垆写用户名: ansi chao校验是古有重名操示长用片名由家字和导母组前A已1q位密码确认:**两输入的密码应一瘿姓名:思超性别:黑身份证号:同502419809029313庭址;太原迎新街联方式:卩3468832247输入正确的于机号电子信箱:i≤i2203183.cm我是一个开的人个人奋注:据不内提亮
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Oracle11G_12C+CentOs7 RAC安装配置步骤整理_包括多路径配置
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鲁棒H∞控制程序
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影像特征点提取和影像匹配
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Halcon机器视觉实验指导书.pdf
实验1 HALCON 概述，应用范例 实验2 HDevelop介绍，操作编程范例 实验3 HALCON编程接口 ，高级语言编程 实验4 HALCON数据结构，采集硬件接口 实验5 HALCON采集硬件配置 ，图像采集 实验6 HALCON二维测量，配准测量与识别定位 实验7 HALCON一维测量，尺寸测量 实验8 HALCON三维测量，3D重建测量
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